cuda -/usr/bin/ld : cannot find -lcudart

Question

我在尝试编译 CUDA 程序时收到以下消息:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcudart

以前从来没有遇到过这种错误。我的PATH有问题吗？

这是编译命令:

gfortran -g -O2 -ffree-line-length-none -I../shared/ -o ../../bin/xspecfem3D ../../obj/spec/program_specfem3D.o ../../obj/spec/specfem3D_par.o ../../obj/spec/PML_init.o ../../obj/spec/compute_boundary_kernel.o ../../obj/spec/compute_kernels.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_acoustic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_acoustic_pot.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_acoustic_PML.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_elastic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_elastic_Dev.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_elastic_noDev.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_elastic_Dev_openmp.o ../../obj/spec/compute_add_sources_acoustic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_add_sources_elastic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_coupling_acoustic_el.o ../../obj/spec/compute_coupling_elastic_ac.o ../../obj/spec/compute_stacey_acoustic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_stacey_elastic.o ../../obj/spec/compute_gradient.o ../../obj/spec/compute_interpolated_dva.o ../../obj/spec/initialize_simulation.o ../../obj/spec/read_mesh_databases.o ../../obj/spec/setup_GLL_points.o ../../obj/spec/write_movie_output.o ../../obj/spec/create_color_image.o ../../obj/spec/write_seismograms.o ../../obj/spec/write_output_ASCII.o ../../obj/spec/detect_mesh_surfaces.o ../../obj/spec/setup_movie_meshes.o ../../obj/spec/read_topography_bathymetry.o ../../obj/spec/setup_sources_receivers.o ../../obj/spec/prepare_timerun.o ../../obj/spec/iterate_time.o ../../obj/spec/finalize_simulation.o ../../obj/spec/save_adjoint_kernels.o ../../obj/spec/specfem3D.o ../../obj/spec/assemble_MPI_vector.o ../../obj/spec/make_gravity.o ../../obj/spec/noise_tomography.o ../../lib/libspecfem.a ../../obj/spec/check_fields_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_add_sources_acoustic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_add_sources_elastic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_coupling_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_acoustic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_forces_elastic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_kernels_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_stacey_acoustic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/compute_stacey_elastic_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/it_update_displacement_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/noise_tomography_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/prepare_mesh_constants_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/transfer_fields_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/write_seismograms_cuda.cuda.o ../../obj/spec/save_and_compare_cpu_vs_gpu.cudacc.o ../../obj/spec/serial.o -lcuda -lcudart -lcublas

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcudart

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

编辑:

我已将链接命令更改为

gfortran -g -O2 -ffree-line-length-none -I../shared/ -L$CUDA_HOME/lib [rest follows]

我所有的 PATH 似乎都没问题，但我仍然遇到同样的错误。

编辑2:

错误是我试图编译的代码是 64 位的，所以我需要为路径提供一组不同的 .so's ，它们位于

/usr/local/cuda/lib64

现在编译运行良好，没有任何问题。

Answer 1

您没有将 CUDA 库的位置指定给链接器，这就是链接失败的原因。 nvcc “自动”配置为查找 CUDA 运行时库组件，但如果您直接与主机编译器链接，则需要向编译器显式指定它们的位置。尝试将链接命令更改为:

gfortran -g -O2 -ffree-line-length-none -I../shared/ -L$CUDA_HOME/lib [rest follows]

哪里 CUDA_HOME表示安装 CUDA 工具包的路径。通常这是 /usr/local/cuda在 linux 和 OS X 系统上。然后您需要确保 LD_LIBRARY_PATH包含 $CUDA_HOME/lib 的条目以便可执行文件在运行时动态加载所需的 CUDA 库。

编辑:

另见 this