Typescript 将类缩小为有区别的联合

Question

我很难将一个类的实例缩小到它的可区分联合。

我有以下受歧视的联盟:

interface ILoadableLoading<T> {
  state: "Loading";
  id: number;
}

interface ILoadableLoaded<T> {
  state: "Loaded";
  id: number;
  item: T;
}

interface ILoadableErrored<T> {
  state: "Error";
  id: number;
  error: string;
}

export type ILoadableDiscriminated<T> =
  | ILoadableLoading<T>
  | ILoadableLoaded<T>
  | ILoadableErrored<T>;

type ILoadableState<T> = ILoadableDiscriminated<T>["state"];

还有下面的类:

class Loadable<T> {
  state: ILoadableState<T> = "Loading";
  id: number = 0;
  item?: T | undefined;
  error?: string | undefined;
}

现在我怎样才能将该类的实例缩小到其各自的 ILoadableDiscriminated<T> union 保持某种类型安全(不使用任何)？

例如我有以下创建方法，并希望返回已区分的联合:

unction createLoadable<T>(someState: boolean): ILoadableDiscriminated<T> {
  var loadable = new Loadable<T>();

  if (someState) {
    loadable.state = "Error";
    loadable.error = "Some Error";

    // Would like to remove this cast, as it should narrow it out from state + defined error above
    return loadable as ILoadableErrored<T>;
  }

  if (loadable.state === "Loading") {
    // Would like to remove this cast, as it should narrow it from state;
    return loadable as ILoadableLoading<T>;
  }

  if (loadable.state === "Loaded" && loadable.item) {
    // Would like to remove this cast, as it should narrow it from state;
    return loadable as ILoadableLoaded<T>;
  }

  throw new Error("Some Error");
}

sample 可在以下网址找到:https://codesandbox.io/embed/weathered-frog-bjuh0文件:src/DiscriminatedUnion.ts

Answer 1

问题是 Loadable<T> 之间没有关系并定义了保证该功能的接口(interface) createLoadable()在退回项目之前将每个属性设置为正确的状态。例如，Loadable<string>可以有这个值:

var loadable = new Loadable<string>();
loadable.state = "Error";
lodable.item = "Result text.";
return loadable;

以上不适合任何接口(interface)，但有效Loadable实例。

我的方法如下:

简化界面，只有一个必须是通用的:

interface ILoadableLoading {
  state: "Loading";
  id: number;
}

interface ILoadableLoaded<T> {
  state: "Loaded";
  id: number;
  item: T;
}

interface ILoadableErrored {
  state: "Error";
  id: number;
  error: string;
}

export type ILoadableDiscriminated<T> =
  | ILoadableLoading
  | ILoadableLoaded<T>
  | ILoadableErrored;

type ILoadableState<T> = ILoadableDiscriminated<T>["state"];

为每个接口(interface)创建单独的类，以确保创建的对象符合接口(interface)定义:

class LoadableLoading implements ILoadableLoading {
  state: "Loading" = "Loading";
  id: number = 0;
}
class LoadableLoaded<T> implements ILoadableLoaded<T> {
  constructor(public item: T){}
  state: "Loaded" = "Loaded";
  id: number = 0;
}
class LoadableErrored implements ILoadableErrored {
  constructor(public error: string){}
  state: "Error" = "Error";
  id: number = 0;
}

然后我们可以使用带重载的函数来说明意图:

function createLoadable<T>(someState: true, state: ILoadableState<T>, item?: T): ILoadableErrored;
function createLoadable<T>(someState: false, state: "Loading", item?: T): ILoadableLoading;
function createLoadable<T>(someState: false, state: "Loaded", item?: T): ILoadableLoaded<T>;
function createLoadable<T>(someState: boolean, state?: ILoadableState<T>, item?: T): ILoadableDiscriminated<T> {
  if (someState) {
    return new LoadableErrored("Some error");
  }

  if (state === "Loading") {
    // Would like to remove this cast, as it hsould figure it out from state;
    return new LoadableLoading();
  }

  if (state === "Loaded" && item) {
    // Would like to remove this cast, as it hsould figure it out from state;
    return new LoadableLoaded(item);
  }

  throw new Error("Some Error");
}

最后根据你输入的参数给createLoadable()函数，类型为返回类型，自动判别:

const lodableError = createLoadable<string>(true, "Loading");
console.log(lodableError.error);

const lodableLoading = createLoadable<string>(false, "Loading");
console.log("Loading");

const loadableLoaded = createLoadable<string>(false, "Loaded", "MyResponse");
console.log(loadableLoaded.item)

请注意，Typescript 编译器的参数重载状态意图，但您需要确保函数体中的代码执行您声明的内容。