regex - 查找模式和字符直到空格，并将捕获的模式移动到行尾 sed

Question

我想找到一个特定的模式(“k__”)，以及它后面的任何字符，直到一个空格，然后将捕获的模式移动到行尾

使用这个示例文件:

cat test.file
37099   k__Eukaryota species:s__Isochrysis galbana;genus:g__Isochrysis;family:f__Isochrysidaceae;order:o__Isochrysidales;class:c__Haptophyta;phylum:p__Haptista
73015   k__Eukaryota species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__
73015   k__Eukaryota species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__
73015   k__Eukaryota species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__
73015   k__Eukaryota species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__
73015   k__Eukaryota species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__
43925   k__Eukaryota species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__
43925   k__Eukaryota species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__
43925   k__Eukaryota species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__
43925   k__Bacteria species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__

所以，我想匹配“k__Eukaryota”和“k__Bacteria”(以及其他以 k__ 开头的模式)，然后将捕获的匹配项移到行尾:例如期望的输出=

37099    species:s__Isochrysis galbana;genus:g__Isochrysis;family:f__Isochrysidaceae;order:o__Isochrysidales;class:c__Haptophyta;phylum:p__Haptista k__Eukaryota
73015    species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
73015    species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
73015    species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
73015    species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
73015    species:s__Monodus sp. CCMP505;genus:g__Monodus;family:f__Pleurochloridaceae;order:o__Mischococcales;class:c__Xanthophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
43925    species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
43925    species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
43925    species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Eukaryota
43925    species:s__Nannochloropsis oculata;genus:g__Nannochloropsis;family:f__Monodopsidaceae;order:o__Eustigmatales;class:c__Eustigmatophyceae;phylum:p__ k__Bacteria

我认为这很容易，但我做不到。这是我尝试过的:

cat test.file | gsed -E 's#(.*k__)(k__\w\+)(.*)#\1\3\2#'

捕获文本直到模式，然后匹配(捕获模式和任何单词字符直到空格)然后捕获到行尾，然后更改捕获组的顺序。

我想我可以反向引用这些模式来更改顺序，但我很可能。没有正确匹配它们。如何捕获到我的模式，模式(“K__xyz”)然后匹配到行尾，捕获这些组并重新组织？这是正确的方法吗？

非常感谢任何帮助!

唱片

Answer 1

如果要编辑原始文件，请添加'-i'选项；
sed -i -r 's/(.*)(k__[^ ]*)( .*)/\1\3\2/g' 测试文件
如果要将结果保存到其他文件，请删除“-i”选项；
sed -r 's/(.*)(k__[^ ]*)( .*)/\1\3\2/g' test.file > new.file

我的测试结果:

szvp000006656:/home # cat test.file
37099   k__Eukaryota species:s__Isochrysis galbana;genus:g__Isochrysis;family:f__Isochrysidaceae;order:o__Isochrysidales;class:c__Haptophyta;phylum:p__Haptista

szvp000006656:/home # sed -r 's/(.*)(k__[^ ]*)( .*)/\1\3 \2/g' test.file > new.file
szvp000006656:/home # cat new.file
37099    species:s__Isochrysis galbana;genus:g__Isochrysis;family:f__Isochrysidaceae;order:o__Isochrysidales;class:c__Haptophyta;phylum:p__Haptista k__Eukaryota

szvp000006656:/home # sed -i -r 's/(.*)(k__[^ ]*)( .*)/\1\3 \2/g' test.file
szvp000006656:/home # cat test.file
37099    species:s__Isochrysis galbana;genus:g__Isochrysis;family:f__Isochrysidaceae;order:o__Isochrysidales;class:c__Haptophyta;phylum:p__Haptista k__Eukaryota

注意:

1. 推荐使用https://regexr.com/调试常规语法
2. 基本的和扩展的 Posix/GNU 正则表达式都不能识别非贪婪量词；您需要稍后的正则表达式。试试这个非贪婪的正则表达式 [^/]* 而不是 .*？ chaos-stackoverflow