common-lisp - common-lisp中有关可选参数的错误

Question

SBCL 64位，1.1.7

如果我想创建一个包并使用package:CL中的一些符号，我将创建一个像这样的包:

(defpackage :foo
  (:import-from :cl 
                :defun :defmacro :in-package
                :null :car :cdr :cons :if
                :eq))

但是，在此程序包中，如果我定义了带有可选参数的函数，并且在不提供可选参数的情况下调用了该函数，则总是会收到错误消息:

(defun test (&optional a))

(test)

invalid number of arguments: 0
   [Condition of type SB-INT:SIMPLE-PROGRAM-ERROR]

Restarts:
 0: [RETRY] Retry SLIME interactive evaluation request.
 1: [*ABORT] Return to SLIME's top level.
 2: [REMOVE-FD-HANDLER] Remove #<SB-IMPL::HANDLER INPUT on descriptor 10: #<CLOSURE (COMMON-LISP:LABELS SWANK-BACKEND::RUN :IN SWANK-BACKEND:ADD-FD-HANDLER) {100490B95B}>>
 3: [ABORT] Exit debugger, returning to top level.

定义宏会得到相同的错误，但具有更多信息:

(defmacro test (&rest body))

(test)

error while parsing arguments to DEFMACRO TEST:
  invalid number of elements in
    ()
  to satisfy lambda list
    (&REST BODY):
  exactly 2 expected, but 0 found
   [Condition of type SB-KERNEL::ARG-COUNT-ERROR]

我认为可能是因为缺少:CL中的某些符号，所以如何解决此问题？谢谢。

Answer 1

我相信这将为这个问题提供一些启发；)

CL-USER> (defpackage :foo
  (:import-from :cl 
                :defun :defmacro :in-package
                :null :car :cdr :cons :if
                :eq))
#<PACKAGE "FOO">
CL-USER> (in-package :foo)
#<COMMON-LISP:PACKAGE "FOO">
FOO> (defun bar (&optional baz))
; in: DEFUN BAR
;     (SB-INT:NAMED-LAMBDA FOO::BAR
;         (FOO::&OPTIONAL FOO::BAZ)
;       (BLOCK FOO::BAR))
; 
; caught COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING:
;   suspicious variable in lambda list: &OPTIONAL.
; 
; caught COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING:
;   suspicious variable in lambda list: &OPTIONAL.
; 
; caught COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING:
;   The variable &OPTIONAL is defined but never used.
; 
; caught COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING:
;   The variable BAZ is defined but never used.
; 
; compilation unit finished
;   caught 4 STYLE-WARNING conditions
BAR
FOO> (in-package :cl)
#<PACKAGE "COMMON-LISP">
CL> (defpackage :foo
  (:import-from :cl 
                :defun :defmacro :in-package :&optional
                :null :car :cdr :cons :if
                :eq))
Select a symbol to be made accessible in package FOO:
  1. COMMON-LISP:&OPTIONAL
  2. FOO::&OPTIONAL

Enter an integer (between 1 and 2): 1

#<PACKAGE "FOO">
CL> (in-package :foo)
#<COMMON-LISP:PACKAGE "FOO">
FOO> (defun bar (&optional baz))
; in: DEFUN BAR
;     (SB-INT:NAMED-LAMBDA FOO::BAR
;         (&OPTIONAL FOO::BAZ)
;       (BLOCK FOO::BAR))
; 
; caught COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING:
;   The variable BAZ is defined but never used.
; 
; compilation unit finished
;   caught 1 STYLE-WARNING condition
COMMON-LISP:STYLE-WARNING: redefining FOO::BAR in DEFUN
BAR
FOO> 

&optional， &rest等只是与其他符号一样的符号，您也需要导入这些符号。但是，也许这不是从 cl包中导入的最佳方法……除非您确定那是您所需要的。以防万一:您可以用 :use整个软件包，而不是逐个符号 :import-from。