r - 将多列组合成整洁的数据

Question

这个问题在这里已经有了答案:





Reshaping multiple sets of measurement columns (wide format) into single columns (long format)

(7 个回答)


4年前关闭。




我的数据集如下所示:

unique.id abx.1    start.1     stop.1 abx.2    start.2     stop.2 abx.3    start.3     stop.3 abx.4    start.4
1         1  Moxi 2014-01-01 2014-01-07  PenG 2014-01-01 2014-01-07 Vanco 2014-01-01 2014-01-07  Moxi 2014-01-01
2         2  Moxi 2014-01-01 2014-01-02 Cipro 2014-01-01 2014-01-02  PenG 2014-01-01 2014-01-02 Vanco 2014-01-01
3         3 Cipro 2014-01-01 2014-01-05 Vanco 2014-01-01 2014-01-05 Cipro 2014-01-01 2014-01-05 Vanco 2014-01-01
4         4 Vanco 2014-01-02 2014-01-03 Cipro 2014-01-02 2014-01-03 Cipro 2014-01-02 2014-01-03  PenG 2014-01-02
5         5 Vanco 2014-01-01 2014-01-02  PenG 2014-01-01 2014-01-02  PenG 2014-01-01 2014-01-02 Cipro 2014-01-01
      stop.4    intervention
1 2014-01-07       0
2 2014-01-02       0
3 2014-01-05       1
4 2014-01-03       1
5 2014-01-02       0

用一些代码来创建这个:

 abxoptions <- c("Cipro", "Moxi", "PenG", "Vanco")
      df3 <- data.frame(
      unique.id = 1:5,
      abx.1 = sample(abxoptions,5, replace=TRUE),
      start.1 = as.Date(c('2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-01')),
      stop.1  = as.Date(c('2014-01-07', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-05', '2014-01-03', '2014-01-02')),
      abx.2 = sample(abxoptions,5, replace=TRUE),         
      start.2 = as.Date(c('2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-01')),
      stop.2  = as.Date(c('2014-01-07', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-05', '2014-01-03', '2014-01-02')),
      abx.3 = sample(abxoptions,5, replace=TRUE),         
      start.3 = as.Date(c('2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-01')),
      stop.3  = as.Date(c('2014-01-07', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-05', '2014-01-03', '2014-01-02')),
      abx.4 = sample(abxoptions,5, replace=TRUE),         
      start.4 = as.Date(c('2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-01', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-01')),
      stop.4  = as.Date(c('2014-01-07', '2014-01-02', '2014-01-05', '2014-01-03', '2014-01-02')),
      intervention = c(0,0,1,1,0)

)

我想整理这些数据看起来像这样:

unique.id    abx     start    stop           intervention
1            Moxi    2014-01-10 2014-01-07      0
1            Pen G   2014-01-01 2014-01-07      0
1            Vanco   2014-01-01 2014-01-07      0
1            Moxi    2014-01-01 2014-01-07      0  etc etc

以下解决方案没有让我到达我需要的地方:
Gather multiple sets of columns和
Combining multiple columns into one

我怀疑 Hadley 令人惊叹的 tidyr pakcage 是要走的路……只是想不通。任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

几乎所有的数据整理问题都可以通过三个步骤来解决:

收集所有非变量列

将“colname”列分成多个变量

重新传播数据

(通常您只需要其中的一两个，但我认为它们几乎总是按此顺序排列)。

对于您的数据:

唯一已经是变量的列是 unique.id

您需要将当前列名拆分为变量和数字

然后您需要将“变量”变量放回列

这看起来像:

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)

df3 %>%
  gather(col, value, -unique.id, -intervention) %>%
  separate(col, c("variable", "number")) %>%
  spread(variable, value, convert = TRUE) %>%
  mutate(start = as.Date(start, "1970-01-01"), stop = as.Date(stop, "1970-01-01"))

你的情况有点复杂，因为你有两种类型的变量，所以你需要在最后恢复这些类型。