shell - 如何从一个新添加的列中的第一行更改值

Question

我有一个名为 file1.txt 的文件，其中包含以下数据

APPLICATION ODATE       IF_EXECUTING  APPLICATION_STATUS
Job1        20200731    Post          NOTOK
Job2        20200731    Post          NOTOK
Job3        20200731    Post          NOTOK
JOb3        20200731    Post          NOTOK

使用以下命令添加一个新列。

awk -v column=4 -v value="four" 'BEGIN {FS = OFS = "\t\t\t";}{for ( i = NF + 1; i > column; i-- ) {$i = $(i-1);}$i = value;print $0;}' file1.txt

输出:

APPLICATION ODATE       IF_EXECUTING  APPLICATION_STATUS                      four
Job1        20200731    Post          NOTOK                   four
JOb2        20200731    Post          NOTOK                   four
Job3        20200731    Post          NOTOK                   four
JOb4        20200731    Post          NOTOK                   four

这里添加了三个“\t”字符。第一行“四”应该与 APPLICATION_STATUS 隔开，只有一个\t，第一行“四”应该替换为“CYCLE_NUMER”
期望的输出:

APPLICATION ODATE       IF_EXECUTING  APPLICATION_STATUS    CYCLE_NUMBER
Job1        20200731    Post          NOTOK                 four
JOb2        20200731    Post          NOTOK                 four
Job3        20200731    Post          NOTOK                 four
JOb4        20200731    Post          NOTOK                 four

Answer 1

您能否尝试在 GNU awk 中使用所示示例进行以下、编写和测试？ .

awk -v val="four" -v header="CYCLE_NUMBER" '
FNR==1{
  print $0,header
  next
}
{
  print $0,val
}
'  Input_file | column -t

或者根据@Cyrus 先生的评论，如果您想在 awk 内进行本身然后尝试跟随。

awk -v val="\t\t\tfour" -v header="\tCYCLE_NUMBER" '
FNR==1{
  print $0,header
  next
}
{
  print $0,val
}
'  Input_file

说明:为上述代码添加说明。第二个解决方案也更相似第一个解决方案只有第二个没有 column其中的命令和 TAB 打印在 awk 内得到处理变量本身。

awk -v val="four" -v header="CYCLE_NUMBER" '   ##Starting awk program from here with val value of four and header value of CYCLE_NUMBER here.
FNR==1{                           ##Checking condition if FNR==1 then do following.
  print $0,header                 ##Printing current line and header value here.
  next                            ##next will skip all further statements from here.
}
{
  print $0,val                    ##Printing current line with val here.
}
'  Input_file | column -t         ##Mentioning Input_file name here and sending output of awk command to column command to get it in good manner.