google-chrome - org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException : unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally

Question

我想在托管在 Linux 平台(Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (Maipo) 上)的 Chrome 浏览器上运行我的回归测试。为此创建了以下示例测试:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ChromeTest {

private static ChromeDriverService service;


public static void createAndStartService() throws IOException {
    service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
            .usingDriverExecutable(new File("/<pathToChromeDrive>/chromedriver"))
    .withLogFile(new File("/<pathToChromeDriveLogs>/chromedriver.log"))
            .usingAnyFreePort()
            .build();
    service.start();
}


public static void createAndStopService() {
    service.stop();
}


public static void main(String[] args) {
    WebDriver driver;
    try {
        createAndStartService();
        driver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(),
                DesiredCapabilities.chrome());
        driver.get("http://www.google.com");
        WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
        searchBox.sendKeys("webdriver");
        driver.quit();
        createAndStopService();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
}

当我尝试在 Linux 上使用 Chrome(版本 - 43.0.2357.81(64 位))作为浏览器运行此 selenium 测试时，它会因异常而失败。

Starting ChromeDriver 2.14.313457 (3d645c400edf2e2c500566c9aa096063e707c9cf) on port 3039Only local connections are allowed.Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.14.313457 (3d645c400edf2e2c500566c9aa096063e707c9cf),platform=Linux 3.8.13-35.3.1.el7uek.x86_64 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)Command duration or timeout: 60.20 secondsBuild info: version: '2.39.0', revision: 'ff23eac', time: '2013-12-16 16:11:15'System info: host: 'localhost.localdomain', ip: '<>', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.8.13-35.3.1.el7uek.x86_64', java.version: '1.8.0_25'Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:193)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:145)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:554)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:216)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:111)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:129)
    at ChromeTest.main(ChromeTest.java:36)

在运行测试之前，我做了以下工作:

Chrome rpm 是从以下链接下载的。 “https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm ”。

使用以下 chromedriver (2.14.313457):http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.14/chromedriver_linux64.zip

安装chrome后，跑样测试。

chromedriver 日志如下:

[0.398][INFO]: COMMAND InitSession {
   "desiredCapabilities": {
      "browserName": "chrome",
      "platform": "ANY",
      "version": ""
   }
}
[0.399][INFO]: Populating Preferences file: {
   "alternate_error_pages": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "autofill": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "browser": {
      "check_default_browser": false
   },
   "distribution": {
      "import_bookmarks": false,
      "import_history": false,
      "import_search_engine": false,
      "make_chrome_default_for_user": false,
      "show_welcome_page": false,
      "skip_first_run_ui": true
   },
   "dns_prefetching": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "profile": {
      "content_settings": {
         "pattern_pairs": {
            "https://*,*": {
               "media-stream": {
                  "audio": "Default",
                  "video": "Default"
               }
            }
         }
      },
      "default_content_settings": {
         "geolocation": 1,
         "mouselock": 1,
         "notifications": 1,
         "popups": 1,
         "ppapi-broker": 1
      },
      "password_manager_enabled": false
   },
   "safebrowsing": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "search": {
      "suggest_enabled": false
   },
   "translate": {
      "enabled": false
   }
}
[0.400][INFO]: Populating Local State file: {
   "background_mode": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "ssl": {
      "rev_checking": {
         "enabled": false
      }
   }
}
[0.401][INFO]: Launching chrome: /opt/google/chrome --disable-background-networking --disable-client-side-phishing-detection --disable-component-update --disable-default-apps --disable-hang-monitor --disable-prompt-on-repost --disable-sync --disable-web-resources --enable-logging --ignore-certificate-errors --load-extension=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.69stsm/internal --log-level=0 --metrics-recording-only --no-first-run --password-store=basic --remote-debugging-port=12234 --safebrowsing-disable-auto-update --safebrowsing-disable-download-protection --test-type=webdriver --use-mock-keychain --user-data-dir=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.5HCrWO data:,
[0.402][WARNING]: PAC support disabled because there is no system implementation
[60.410][INFO]: RESPONSE InitSession unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally

Answer 1

我很确定这是因为 google chrome 和 chromedriver 之间的版本不匹配。问题中给出的链接表明您使用的是 chromedriver 2.14 和当前稳定版本的谷歌浏览器。
ChromeDriver 2.14 支持 v39-42 的谷歌浏览器版本(见 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.14/notes.txt)。根据您使用的 google chrome 版本，用户使用较新版本的 chromedriver。引用 http://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads对于正确版本的 chromedriver。

虽然和这个问题没有关系，但是你不需要手动启动和停止 chromeDriverService 除非你有一些特定的要求。使用以下代码就足够了:

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "E://chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();              
driver.get("http://www.google.com");