python - PyQT:在窗口中获取实时打印输出

Question

我正在开发一个 GUI，用于在按下按钮“my_button”时调用函数“my_function”。

该函数以迭代方式处理数据。它包含一个“for”循环，在每次迭代时，它都会打印出一条消息，显示我的函数的进度。我希望此打印件显示在我的 GUI 中(在此示例中为 textEdit 小部件)，实时 .我怎么能那样做？

我想说清楚我需要实时显示。我在网上找到了一些解决方案，但所有打印仅在函数完成执行时出现。我需要实时显示打印件，以便了解功能进度。预先感谢您的提示!

这是一个最小的可复制示例(我通过 qt 设计器获得了模板):

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(163, 225)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.formLayout = QtWidgets.QFormLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.formLayout.setObjectName("formLayout")
        self.my_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.my_button.setObjectName("my_button")
        self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.my_button)
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
        self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.textEdit)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 163, 22))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

        self.my_button.clicked.connect(self.my_function)

    def my_function(self):
        for idx in range(10):
            print('Executing iteration '+str(idx)+' ...')
            time.sleep(1) # replaces time-consuming task
        print('Finished!')

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.my_button.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Execute"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

Qt 的黄金法则:你不应该在 GUI 的主线程中执行消耗大量时间的任务，因为它们会阻塞 Qt 的事件循环。

考虑到上述情况，您必须在另一个线程中执行耗时的任务，并通过信号将信息发送到 GUI 线程。

另一方面，您不应修改 Qt Designer 生成的类，而是创建另一个类，该类继承自适当的小部件并填充初始类。

import threading
import time

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(163, 225)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.formLayout = QtWidgets.QFormLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.formLayout.setObjectName("formLayout")
        self.my_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.my_button.setObjectName("my_button")
        self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.my_button)
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
        self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.textEdit)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 163, 22))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.my_button.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Execute"))


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    valueChanged = QtCore.pyqtSignal(int)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.valueChanged.connect(self.on_value_changed)
        self.my_button.clicked.connect(self.on_clicked)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()
    def on_clicked(self):
        threading.Thread(target=self.my_function, daemon=True).start()

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot(int)
    def on_value_changed(self, value):
        self.textEdit.append("Value: {}".format(value))

    def my_function(self):
        for idx in range(10):
            self.valueChanged.emit(idx)
            print("Executing iteration " + str(idx) + " ...")
            time.sleep(1)  # replaces time-consuming task
        print("Finished!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())