python - 在已经使用 OpenCV 但版本不同的 C++ 中将 Python 与 OpenCV 嵌入内存损坏

Question

我正在尝试将 Python 代码嵌入到 C++ 应用程序中。问题是，如果我在 C++ 代码中使用 OpenCV 函数，也在我嵌入的 python 函数中使用内存损坏。只需注释下面代码中的所有 opencv 函数即可解决问题。一件事是我的 C++ OpenCV 是 4.5.0(动态链接)，从源代码编译，而 python 中使用的版本是 3.1.0(使用 python wheel 安装)。

查看回溯(但我不是这方面的专家)在我看来，python 中的调整大小函数在某种程度上依赖于 OpenCV 4.5.0 库来释放内存，导致两个版本之间存在某种冲突。Python 是 3.5.2 版本。

这是一个最小的例子。

我的主要cpp代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <Python.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace std;


int main()
{

    cv::Mat test = cv::imread("/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/current.jpg");
    cv::Mat test_res;
    cv::resize(test,test_res,cv::Size(),0.5,0.5);
    cv::imwrite("resized.jpg",test_res);
    std::string path = "/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/current.jpg";
    std::string filename = "script";
    std::string function_name = "myfunction";

    std::string wkd = "/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python";

    auto script_name = PyUnicode_FromString(filename.c_str());
    Py_Initialize();

    PyObject *sys_path = PySys_GetObject("path");
    PyList_Insert(sys_path, 0, PyUnicode_FromString(wkd.c_str()));
    PySys_SetObject("path", sys_path);
    PyObject *pModule;
    pModule = PyImport_Import(script_name);

    auto pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, function_name.c_str());

    PyObject * pValue = NULL, * pArgs = NULL;
    pArgs = PyTuple_New(2);
    auto pFilename = PyUnicode_FromString(path.c_str());

    PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pFilename);  

    pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);

    Py_DECREF(pArgs);

    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
    Py_DECREF(pFilename);


    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

我的 python 脚本:

import cv2
 
def myfunction(filename):
    img = cv2.imread(filename, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
    scale_percent = 0.5 # percent of original size
    img = cv2.resize(img, None, fx=scale_percent, fy=scale_percent)
    cv2.imwrite('resized2.jpg',img)


myfunction('current.jpg')

此处提供回溯:

*** Error in `/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python': free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x0000000002447670 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x777f5)[0x7f1a8c9807f5]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x8038a)[0x7f1a8c98938a]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(cfree+0x4c)[0x7f1a8c98d58c]
/home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x103b8c)[0x7f1a8639bb8c]
/home/rocco/dynamic_libraries/opencv_4-5/lib/libopencv_core.so.4.5(_ZN2cv3Mat10deallocateEv+0x100)[0x7f1a8d5aa140]
/home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x114fe8)[0x7f1a863acfe8]
/home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x1154d4)[0x7f1a863ad4d4]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyCFunction_Call+0xe9)[0x7f1a90686049]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x7555)[0x7f1a90792135]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x79d9)[0x7f1a907925b9]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0x24ac6c)[0x7f1a90822c6c]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x23)[0x7f1a90822d43]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalCode+0x1b)[0x7f1a9078a94b]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0x1bf5fd)[0x7f1a907975fd]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyCFunction_Call+0xc9)[0x7f1a90686029]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x8c0e)[0x7f1a907937ee]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0x24ac6c)[0x7f1a90822c6c]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x62d9)[0x7f1a90790eb9]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x79d9)[0x7f1a907925b9]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x79d9)[0x7f1a907925b9]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x79d9)[0x7f1a907925b9]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0x24ac6c)[0x7f1a90822c6c]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x23)[0x7f1a90822d43]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0xd2ac8)[0x7f1a906aaac8]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyObject_Call+0x6e)[0x7f1a9075f46e]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(_PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs+0x1bf)[0x7f1a9073d95f]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject+0x864)[0x7f1a907c98d4]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(+0x1be638)[0x7f1a90796638]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyCFunction_Call+0xe9)[0x7f1a90686049]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyObject_Call+0x6e)[0x7f1a9075f46e]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyObject_CallFunction+0xcf)[0x7f1a9075f5cf]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1.0(PyImport_Import+0xe6)[0x7f1a907c9d66]
/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python[0x402291]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf0)[0x7f1a8c929840]
/home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python[0x401e89]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00407000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 9180205                            /home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python
00606000-00607000 r--p 00006000 08:04 9180205                            /home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python
00607000-00608000 rw-p 00007000 08:04 9180205                            /home/rocco/repo/cpp_python/cpp_python
01e0d000-0251f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
7f1a64000000-7f1a64021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a64021000-7f1a68000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a690f0000-7f1a690f1000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a690f1000-7f1a6a74d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a6a74d000-7f1a6beeb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a6beeb000-7f1a6bf7f000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530555                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_generator.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6bf7f000-7f1a6c17f000 ---p 00094000 08:04 530555                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_generator.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c17f000-7f1a6c1a3000 rw-p 00094000 08:04 530555                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_generator.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c1a3000-7f1a6c1a5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a6c1a5000-7f1a6c1b0000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530563                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_sfc64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c1b0000-7f1a6c3af000 ---p 0000b000 08:04 530563                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_sfc64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c3af000-7f1a6c3b1000 rw-p 0000a000 08:04 530563                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_sfc64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c3b1000-7f1a6c3bf000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530561                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_pcg64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c3bf000-7f1a6c5bf000 ---p 0000e000 08:04 530561                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_pcg64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c5bf000-7f1a6c5c1000 rw-p 0000e000 08:04 530561                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_pcg64.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c5c1000-7f1a6c5d2000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530566                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_philox.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c5d2000-7f1a6c7d1000 ---p 00011000 08:04 530566                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_philox.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c7d1000-7f1a6c7d3000 rw-p 00010000 08:04 530566                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_philox.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c7d3000-7f1a6c7d4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a6c7d4000-7f1a6c7eb000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530559                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_mt19937.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c7eb000-7f1a6c9eb000 ---p 00017000 08:04 530559                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_mt19937.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c9eb000-7f1a6c9ed000 rw-p 00017000 08:04 530559                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_mt19937.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6c9ed000-7f1a6ca3b000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530556                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_bounded_integers.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6ca3b000-7f1a6cc3b000 ---p 0004e000 08:04 530556                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_bounded_integers.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6cc3b000-7f1a6cc3d000 rw-p 0004e000 08:04 530556                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_bounded_integers.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6cc3d000-7f1a6ce58000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 9437776                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
7f1a6ce58000-7f1a6d057000 ---p 0021b000 08:04 9437776                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
7f1a6d057000-7f1a6d073000 r--p 0021a000 08:04 9437776                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
7f1a6d073000-7f1a6d07f000 rw-p 00236000 08:04 9437776                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
7f1a6d07f000-7f1a6d082000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f1a6d082000-7f1a6d088000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 7086087                    /usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_hashlib.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d088000-7f1a6d287000 ---p 00006000 08:04 7086087                    /usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_hashlib.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d287000-7f1a6d288000 r--p 00005000 08:04 7086087                    /usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_hashlib.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d288000-7f1a6d289000 rw-p 00006000 08:04 7086087                    /usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_hashlib.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d289000-7f1a6d2b9000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530568                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_common.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d2b9000-7f1a6d4b8000 ---p 00030000 08:04 530568                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_common.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d4b8000-7f1a6d4ba000 rw-p 0002f000 08:04 530568                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/random/_common.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a6d4ba000-7f1a6d4bb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
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7f1a7c7ad000-7f1a7c7ae000 rw-p 00004000 08:04 7136410                    /usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a7c7ae000-7f1a7c8ae000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
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7f1a7c8d9000-7f1a7cad9000 ---p 0002b000 08:04 530149                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/linalg/_umath_linalg.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
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7f1a7cade000-7f1a7cae2000 r-xp 00000000 08:04 530150                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a7cae2000-7f1a7cce2000 ---p 00004000 08:04 530150                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
7f1a7cce2000-7f1a7cce3000 rw-p 00004000 08:04 530150                     /home/rocco/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
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编辑

经过一些测试，我尝试将 python 更新到版本 3.6.13，但问题仍然存在，此外我意识到问题与 cv2.resize 函数无关，而是与一般的 opencv 相关，无论我从 python 调用什么 opencv 函数，它调用我的动态链接 opencv 4.5 库进行释放，导致问题。

编辑

在 C++ 中使用静态链接的 OpenCV，一切都按预期工作。这有什么原因吗？

Answer 1

这似乎是一个链接问题。

Python 使用“dlopen”动态加载库，尝试更改 flags传递给这个函数。例如，使用 RTLD_DEEPBIND，您可以指定首选加载对象包含的符号(而不是具有相同名称的全局符号)。

使用这两行:

import os
print(os.RTLD_DEEPBIND | os.RTLD_NOW)

您可以获得这些标志的int代码，即10。

然后您可以通过调用 sys.setdlopenflags(10) 更改 dlopen 使用的标志:

void setFlags()
{
    auto flag = PyLong_FromLong(10);
    auto setdl = PySys_GetObject("setdlopenflags");

    auto arg = PyTuple_New(1);
    PyTuple_SetItem(arg, 0, flag);
    PyObject_CallObject(setdl, arg);
}

它必须在 PyImport_Import 之前使用。