perl - 在 perl 中，为什么当哈希包含长字符串时 sprintf(Dumper\%hash) 会抛出警告？

Question

几个月来，我一直在使用类似以下的语法，而没有触发警告:

die join('', sprintf(Dumper [@stack]), sprintf(Dumper {%oprAtnNOW}), 'opt tojudge not specified');

也就是我用过 sprintf与 Dumper , 不指定格式。
在下面的代码中，我们看到这工作正常， 但仅限于一点。 当 %oprAtnNOW包含一个长字符串，则触发警告。
(在所有情况下，字符串都编译为正则表达式；但在编译之前，它只是一个字符串。)
是什么导致长字符串警告？为什么会出现“缺失的论点”？
授予， sprintf应该给出一个格式，如
https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sprintf .
但是为什么这仅在较小的字符串被长字符串替换时才强制执行？

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Data::Dumper qw(Dumper);
$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
print "Perl version: $^V\n";

my %oprAtnNOW; 
my $string='~~~~~1983-10-21 Fri 13:01:13, today we went to the movie.';

%oprAtnNOW = (
    Vv => {
        v=>[ '(?<a>a)',],
    },
);

tryit();

%oprAtnNOW = (
    Vv => {
        v=>[ 
'(?m)^(?<boundjour2009>(?<tilde5>[~]{5})[\\x20\\t]*(?<dateISO1mbeWeekdaymbeTIME>(?<dateISO1mbeWeekday>(?<dateISO1>(?<YYYY>[1-9]\\d\\d\\d)[-](?<nMonth2>0[1-9]|1[0-2])[-](?<nMonthDay2>3[01]|[0-2][0-9]))([\\x20\\t]+(?<wWeekdayAllor3>Sunday|Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat))?)([\\x20\\t]+(?<nTIMEdiverse>(at[\\x20\\t]+)?((?<HHcMMcSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]):(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHMMmbeSS>(?<HHMM>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]))(?<SS>[0-5][0-9])?)|(?<HHcMM_pct_cSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])%:(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHcMM_stop>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])(?![:][0-5][0-9])))))?))',
        ],
    },
);

tryit();

sub tryit
{
    my $rgx=qr/$oprAtnNOW{Vv}->{v}->[0]/;
    if($string=~$rgx)
    {
        print Dumper \%+;
    }
    print "with format:\n";
    print sprintf('%s', Dumper \%oprAtnNOW); 
    print "WITHOUT format:\n";
    print sprintf(Dumper \%oprAtnNOW); 
}

输出:

Perl version: v5.18.4
$VAR1 = {
          'a' => 'a'
        };
with format:
$VAR1 = {
          'Vv' => {
                    'v' => [
                             '(?<a>a)'
                           ]
                  }
        };
WITHOUT format:
$VAR1 = {
          'Vv' => {
                    'v' => [
                             '(?<a>a)'
                           ]
                  }
        };
$VAR1 = {
          'HH' => '13',
          'HHcMMcSS' => '13:01:13',
          'MM' => '01',
          'SS' => '13',
          'YYYY' => '1983',
          'boundjour2009' => '~~~~~1983-10-21 Fri 13:01:13',
          'dateISO1' => '1983-10-21',
          'dateISO1mbeWeekday' => '1983-10-21 Fri',
          'dateISO1mbeWeekdaymbeTIME' => '1983-10-21 Fri 13:01:13',
          'nMonth2' => '10',
          'nMonthDay2' => '21',
          'nTIMEdiverse' => '13:01:13',
          'tilde5' => '~~~~~',
          'wWeekdayAllor3' => 'Fri'
        };
with format:
$VAR1 = {
          'Vv' => {
                    'v' => [
                             '(?m)^(?<boundjour2009>(?<tilde5>[~]{5})[\\x20\\t]*(?<dateISO1mbeWeekdaymbeTIME>(?<dateISO1mbeWeekday>(?<dateISO1>(?<YYYY>[1-9]\\d\\d\\d)[-](?<nMonth2>0[1-9]|1[0-2])[-](?<nMonthDay2>3[01]|[0-2][0-9]))([\\x20\\t]+(?<wWeekdayAllor3>Sunday|Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat))?)([\\x20\\t]+(?<nTIMEdiverse>(at[\\x20\\t]+)?((?<HHcMMcSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]):(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHMMmbeSS>(?<HHMM>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]))(?<SS>[0-5][0-9])?)|(?<HHcMM_pct_cSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])%:(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHcMM_stop>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])(?![:][0-5][0-9])))))?))'
                           ]
                  }
        };
WITHOUT format:
Missing argument in sprintf at /Users/kpr/u/kh/bin/z.pl line 38.
Invalid conversion in sprintf: "%:" at /Users/kpr/u/kh/bin/z.pl line 38.
$VAR1 = {
          'Vv' => {
                    'v' => [
                             '(?m)^(?<boundjour2009>(?<tilde5>[~]{5})[\\x20\\t]*(?<dateISO1mbeWeekdaymbeTIME>(?<dateISO1mbeWeekday>(?<dateISO1>(?<YYYY>[1-9]\\d\\d\\d)[-](?<nMonth2>0[1-9]|1[0-2])[-](?<nMonthDay2>3[01]|[0-2][0-9]))([\\x20\\t]+(?<wWeekdayAllor3>Sunday|Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat))?)([\\x20\\t]+(?<nTIMEdiverse>(at[\\x20\\t]+)?((?<HHcMMcSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]):(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHMMmbeSS>(?<HHMM>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])(?<MM>[0-5][0-9]))(?<SS>[0-5][0-9])?)|(?<HHcMM_pct_cSS>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])%:(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))|(?<HHcMM_stop>(?<HH>0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])(?![:][0-5][0-9])))))?))'
                           ]
                  }
        };

Answer 1

这不是因为长度，而是因为长字符串包含一个百分号。

...(?<MM>[0-5][0-9])%:(?<SS>[0-5][0-9]))...
                    ~

因为它是唯一的参数，所以它被解释为格式。
您可以使用更短的字符串来演示相同的行为，例如

sprintf '%';

如果您不需要格式化，只需使用 print :

print Dumper \%oprAtnNOW;