sql - 如何在 SQL select 语句中动态创建列

Question

我有 3 个表。团队，选项，选项团队。
Team 拥有一个 TeamId 和 Name
Option持有OptionId、OptionGroup
OptionTeam持有TeamId、OptionId、OptionGroup

select a.TeamId, a.Name
(select count(*) from OptionTeam ot where ot.TeamId=a.TeamId and ot.OptionGroup=4) as Option1,
(select count(*) from OptionTeam ot where ot.TeamId=a.TeamId and ot.OptionGroup=5) as Option2,
(select count(*) from OptionTeam ot where ot.TeamId=a.TeamId and ot.OptionGroup=6) as Option3,
(select count(*) from OptionTeam ot where ot.TeamId=a.TeamId and ot.OptionGroup=11) as Option4
from Team a 

我想获得一个团队列表，以及额外的列，指示每个组的多少个选项连接到每个团队。这是通过上述查询完成的，但我想用表 Option 中的 OptionGroup 值替换 4、5、6、11。
它必须是动态的，因为将来可能会有一个新的 OptionGroup，我希望存储过程能够处理它。

示例数据:

Team  
TeamId  
1  
2  
3  

选项

OptionId | OptionGroup  
11 | 4  
12 | 5  
13 | 4  
14 | 4  
15 | 5  

期权团队

TeamId | OptionId | OptionGroup  
1 | 11 | 4  
1 | 13 | 4  
2 | 12 | 5  
2 | 14 | 4  
3 | 15 | 5  

而我想要得到的列表是

TeamId | Group4 (OptionGroup=4) | Group5 (OptionGroup=5)  
1 | 2 | 0  
2 | 1 | 1  
3 | 0 | 1  

Answer 1

您需要一个动态枢轴来执行此操作。这是存储过程:

CREATE PROC [dbo].[pivotsp]
      @query    AS NVARCHAR(MAX),                   -- The query, can also be the name of a table/view.
      @on_rows  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),                   -- The columns that will be regular rows.
      @on_cols  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),                   -- The columns that are to be pivoted.
      @agg_func AS NVARCHAR(257) = N'SUM',          -- Aggregate function.
      @agg_col  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),                   -- Column to aggregate.
      @output   AS NVARCHAR(257) = N'',             -- Table for results
      @debug    AS bit = 0                          -- 1 for debugging
    AS

    -- Example usage:
    --    exec pivotsp
    --          'select * from vsaleshistory',
    --          'market,marketid,family,familyid,Forecaster,Forecasterid,product,productid',
    --          'month',
    --          'sum',
    --          'ku',
    --          '##sales'

    -- Input validation
    IF @query IS NULL OR @on_rows IS NULL OR @on_cols IS NULL
       OR @agg_func IS NULL OR @agg_col IS NULL
    BEGIN
      RAISERROR('Invalid input parameters.', 16, 1);
      RETURN;
    END

    -- Additional input validation goes here (SQL Injection attempts, etc.)

    BEGIN TRY
      DECLARE
        @sql     AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
        @cols    AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
        @newline AS NVARCHAR(2);

      SET @newline = NCHAR(13) + NCHAR(10);

      -- If input is a valid table or view
      -- construct a SELECT statement against it
      IF COALESCE(OBJECT_ID(@query, N'U'),
                  OBJECT_ID(@query, N'V')) IS NOT NULL
        SET @query = N'SELECT * FROM ' + @query;

      -- Make the query a derived table
      SET @query = N'(' + @query + N') AS Query';

      -- Handle * input in @agg_col
      IF @agg_col = N'*'
        SET @agg_col = N'1';

      -- Construct column list
      SET @sql =
          N'SET @result = '                                    + @newline +
          N'  STUFF('                                          + @newline +
          N'    (SELECT N'','' +  quotename( '
                       + 'CAST(pivot_col AS sysname)' +
                       + ')  AS [text()]'                          + @newline +
          N'     FROM (SELECT DISTINCT('
                       + @on_cols + N') AS pivot_col'              + @newline +
          N'           FROM' + @query + N') AS DistinctCols'   + @newline +
          N'     ORDER BY pivot_col'                           + @newline +
          N'     FOR XML PATH(''''))'                          + @newline +
          N'    ,1, 1, N'''');'

      IF @debug = 1
         PRINT @sql

      EXEC sp_executesql
        @stmt   = @sql,
        @params = N'@result AS NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT',
        @result = @cols OUTPUT;

      IF @debug = 1
         PRINT @cols

      -- Create the PIVOT query
      IF @output = N''
          begin
            SET @sql =
                N'SELECT *'                                          + @newline +
                N'FROM (SELECT '
                              + @on_rows
                              + N', ' + @on_cols + N' AS pivot_col'
                              + N', ' + @agg_col + N' AS agg_col'        + @newline +
                N'      FROM ' + @query + N')' +
                              + N' AS PivotInput'                        + @newline +
                N'  PIVOT(' + @agg_func + N'(agg_col)'               + @newline +
                N'    FOR pivot_col IN(' + @cols + N')) AS PivotOutput;'
          end
      ELSE
          begin
            set @sql = 'IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tempdb.sys.objects WHERE  ' +
                'name = ''' + @output + ''' AND type = N''U'') DROP TABLE tempdb.' + @output
            EXEC sp_executesql @sql;

            SET @sql =
                N'SELECT * INTO ' + @output                          + @newline +
                N'FROM (SELECT '
                              + @on_rows
                              + N', ' + @on_cols + N' AS pivot_col'
                              + N', ' + @agg_col + N' AS agg_col'        + @newline +
                N'      FROM ' + @query + N')' +
                              + N' AS PivotInput'                        + @newline +
                N'  PIVOT(' + @agg_func + N'(agg_col)'               + @newline +
                N'    FOR pivot_col IN(' + @cols + N')) AS PivotOutput;'
          end

        IF @debug = 1
           PRINT @sql

        EXEC sp_executesql @sql;
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
      DECLARE
        @error_message  AS NVARCHAR(2047),
        @error_severity AS INT,
        @error_state    AS INT;

      SET @error_message  = ERROR_MESSAGE();
      SET @error_severity = ERROR_SEVERITY();
      SET @error_state    = ERROR_STATE();

      RAISERROR(@error_message, @error_severity, @error_state);

      RETURN;
    END CATCH

有了它，就可以很容易地在可变数量的列上进行旋转:

EXEC pivotsp
        'SELECT TeamID, OptionGroup, OptionID AS Options FROM OptionTeam',
        'Teamid',        -- Row headers
        'optiongroup',   -- item to aggregate
        'count',         -- aggregation function
        'optiongroup',   -- Column header
        '##temp'         -- output table name
    SELECT * FROM ##temp

结果:

   Teamid   4   5
    1   2   0
    2   1   1
    3   0   1