python-3.x - requests.exceptions.MissingSchema : Invalid URL 'None' : No schema supplied while trying to find broken links through Selenium and Python

Question

我想使用 Selenium + Python 在我的网页上找到损坏的链接。我尝试了上面的代码，但它显示了以下错误:

requests.exceptions.MissingSchema: Invalid URL 'None': No schema supplied. Perhaps you meant http://None?

代码试验:

for link in links:

    r = requests.head(link.get_attribute('href'))
    print(link.get_attribute('href'), r.status_code)

完整代码:

def test_lsearch(self):
    driver=self.driver
    driver.get("http://www.google.com")
    driver.set_page_load_timeout(10)
    driver.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys("selenium")

    driver.set_page_load_timeout(10)
    el=driver.find_element_by_name("btnK")
    el.click()
    time.sleep(5)

    links=driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("a")
    for link in links:
        r=requests.head(link.get_attribute('href'))
        print(link.get_attribute('href'),r.status_code)

Answer 1

这个错误信息...

    raise MissingSchema(error)
requests.exceptions.MissingSchema: Invalid URL 'None': No schema supplied. Perhaps you meant http://None?

...暗示对 unicode 域名和路径的支持在收集的 中失败href 属性。

此错误在 models.py 中定义如下:

    # Support for unicode domain names and paths.
    scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url)
    if not scheme:
        raise MissingSchema("Invalid URL {0!r}: No schema supplied. "
                            "Perhaps you meant http://{0}?".format(url))

解决方案

一旦关键字 的搜索结果可用，您可能正在尝试查找损坏的链接。 Selenium 在 Google Home Page Search Box .为此，您可以使用以下解决方案:

代码块:

import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
driver=webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('https://google.co.in/')
search = driver.find_element_by_name('q')
search.send_keys("selenium")
search.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
links = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_any_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='rc']//h3//ancestor::a[1]")))
print("Number of links : %s" %len(links))
for link in links:
    r = requests.head(link.get_attribute('href'))
    print(link.get_attribute('href'), r.status_code)

控制台输出:

Number of links : 9
https://www.seleniumhq.org/ 200
https://www.seleniumhq.org/download/ 200
https://www.seleniumhq.org/docs/01_introducing_selenium.jsp 200
https://www.guru99.com/selenium-tutorial.html 200
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_(software) 200
https://github.com/SeleniumHQ 200
https://www.edureka.co/blog/what-is-selenium/ 200
https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/py/ 200
https://seleniumhq.github.io/docs/ 200

更新

根据您的反问，从 Selenium 的角度，规范地回答为什么 xpath 有效而不是 tagName 会有点困难。也许您可能想更深入地研究这些讨论:

Bug 1323614 - Cannot authenticate: requests.exceptions.MissingSchema: Invalid URL 'stage/auth/token/obtain/': No schema supplied.

Invalid URL 'None': No schema supplied. Perhaps you meant http://None?