assembly - 如何检查 x86 程序集中的 key 状态？

Question

去年 1 月，我把 x86 汇编作为一种爱好，这样我就可以制作可以在 PCj 和 Tandy 1000 等旧的 8086 驱动计算机上运行的游戏，但我找到的书籍并没有完全教给这个特定主题。虽然一些 dos 和 bios 中断可以完成这项工作，但它们远非完美。

我的主要问题是在不停止程序的情况下读取按键的键盘状态。我找到了一些方法，但它们非常有限。 INT 21h, AH 0Ch 读取最后按下的键，但以文本版本的方式。它不仅一次只能读取一个键，而且类似记事本的命中检测功能使得无法知道该键被按住了多长时间。在 Google 旅行期间，我还看到了对端口 60h 到 64h 的引用，但仅此而已，引用。实际的解释和工作代码几乎不存在。或者也许我就是不擅长使用搜索引擎。

我需要知道的是是否按下了某个键。最好的解决方案是拥有所有键盘键的缓冲区/数组并读取其状态； 1 表示已关闭，0 表示未关闭。或者只是访问最后一个被点击和释放的键的列表会很好(当然有一种清除缓冲区的方法)。任何人都可以指出我正确的方向吗？

编辑:首先，我应该提到我使用 Borland TASM。现在我编译了你的代码，它工作得很好，尽管我几乎害羞地承认我不明白其中的一半。我试图让它与 TASM 兼容，但它所做的只是在屏幕上创建垃圾并卡住。

这是我想出的；

.MODEL TINY
.STACK 256

.DATA
kbdbuf DB 128 DUP (0)

msg1 db "Press and hold ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg2 db "ESC pressed, release ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg3 db "ESC released", 13, 10, "$"

.CODE
main PROC
    org 0100h
    mov ax, @data
    mov ds, ax

    xor     ax, ax
    mov     es, ax

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    push    word [es:9*4+2]     ; preserve ISR address
    push    word [es:9*4]
    lea si, irq1isr
    mov     word [es:9*4], si   ; requires a register
    mov     [es:9*4+2],cs
    sti

        mov     ah, 9
        lea     dx, msg1
        int     021h                ; print "Press and hold ESC"

    test1:
        mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
        or      al, al
        jz      test1               ; wait until it's nonzero (pressed/held)

        lea     dx, msg2
        int     021h                ; print "ESC pressed, release ESC"

    test2:
        mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
        or      al, al
        jnz     test2               ; wait until it's zero (released/not pressed)

        lea     dx, msg3            ; print "ESC released"
        int     021h

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    pop     word [es:9*4]       ; restore ISR address
    pop     word [es:9*4+2]
    sti

    ret

    irq1isr:
    push    ax bx

    ; read keyboard scan code
    in      al, 060h

    ; update keyboard state
    xor     bh, bh
    mov     bl, al
    and     bl, 07Fh            ; bx = scan code
    shr     al, 7               ; al = 0 if pressed, 1 if released
    xor     al, 1               ; al = 1 if pressed, 0 if released
    mov     [cs:bx+kbdbuf], al

    ; send EOI to XT keyboard
    in      al, 061h
    mov     ah, al
    or      al, 080h
    out     061h, al
    mov     al, ah
    out     061h, al

    ; send EOI to master PIC
    mov     al, 020h
    out     020h, al

    pop     bx ax
    iret
main ENDP

END main

我不确定我是否对中断进行了正确编码。哎呀，如果我知道端口 060h - 064h 是如何工作的。

Answer 1

您可以这样做:

; compile with NASM: nasm.exe -f bin kbd.asm -o kbd.com

bits 16
org 0x100

    xor     ax, ax
    mov     es, ax

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    push    word [es:9*4+2]     ; preserve ISR address
    push    word [es:9*4]
    mov     word [es:9*4], irq1isr
    mov     [es:9*4+2],cs
    sti

    call    test

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    pop     word [es:9*4]       ; restore ISR address
    pop     word [es:9*4+2]
    sti

    ret

test:
    mov     ah, 9
    mov     dx, msg1
    int     0x21                ; print "Press and hold ESC"

test1:
    mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
    or      al, al
    jz      test1               ; wait until it's nonzero (pressed/held)

    mov     dx, msg2
    int     0x21                ; print "ESC pressed, release ESC"

test2:
    mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
    or      al, al
    jnz     test2               ; wait until it's zero (released/not pressed)

    mov     dx, msg3            ; print "ESC released"
    int     0x21

    ret

irq1isr:
    pusha

    ; read keyboard scan code
    in      al, 0x60

    ; update keyboard state
    xor     bh, bh
    mov     bl, al
    and     bl, 0x7F            ; bx = scan code
    shr     al, 7               ; al = 0 if pressed, 1 if released
    xor     al, 1               ; al = 1 if pressed, 0 if released
    mov     [cs:bx+kbdbuf], al

    ; send EOI to XT keyboard
    in      al, 0x61
    mov     ah, al
    or      al, 0x80
    out     0x61, al
    mov     al, ah
    out     0x61, al

    ; send EOI to master PIC
    mov     al, 0x20
    out     0x20, al

    popa
    iret

kbdbuf:
    times   128 db 0

msg1 db "Press and hold ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg2 db "ESC pressed, release ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg3 db "ESC released", 13, 10, "$"

在 DOS/Win9x/NT/2K/XP/32-bit Vista/7 或 DosBox 下运行。

更新: TASM 版本:

; file: kbdt.asm
; compile with TASM/TLINK:
;   tasm.exe kbdt.asm
;   tlink.exe /t kbdt.obj

.286

code segment use16
assume cs:code, ds:code, ss:code
org 100h

main:
    xor     ax, ax
    mov     es, ax

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    push    word ptr es:[9*4+2]     ; preserve ISR address
    push    word ptr es:[9*4]
    mov     word ptr es:[9*4], offset irq1isr
    mov     es:[9*4+2],cs
    sti

    call    test0

    cli                         ; update ISR address w/ ints disabled
    pop     word ptr es:[9*4]   ; restore ISR address
    pop     word ptr es:[9*4+2]
    sti

    ret

test0:
    mov     ah, 9
    mov     dx, offset msg1
    int     21h                 ; print "Press and hold ESC"

test1:
    mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
    or      al, al
    jz      test1               ; wait until it's nonzero (pressed/held)

    mov     dx, offset msg2
    int     21h                 ; print "ESC pressed, release ESC"

test2:
    mov     al, [kbdbuf + 1]    ; check Escape key state (Esc scan code = 1)
    or      al, al
    jnz     test2               ; wait until it's zero (released/not pressed)

    mov     dx, offset msg3     ; print "ESC released"
    int     21h

    ret

irq1isr:
    pusha

    ; read keyboard scan code
    in      al, 60h

    ; update keyboard state
    xor     bh, bh
    mov     bl, al
    and     bl, 7Fh             ; bx = scan code
    shr     al, 7               ; al = 0 if pressed, 1 if released
    xor     al, 1               ; al = 1 if pressed, 0 if released
    mov     cs:[bx+kbdbuf], al

    ; send EOI to XT keyboard
    in      al, 61h
    mov     ah, al
    or      al, 80h
    out     61h, al
    mov     al, ah
    out     61h, al

    ; send EOI to master PIC
    mov     al, 20h
    out     20h, al

    popa
    iret

kbdbuf      db 128 dup (0)

msg1 db "Press and hold ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg2 db "ESC pressed, release ESC", 13, 10, "$"
msg3 db "ESC released", 13, 10, "$"

code ends

end main