regex - 如何在 Perl 中找到与正则表达式匹配的子字符串的索引位置？

Question

我正在遍历一个文件，在每一行上我都在寻找一个正则表达式。如果找到正则表达式，我只想打印“找到了”，然后是在该行中找到它的位置的索引位置。

例子:

looking for: 'HDWFLSFKD' need index between two Ds
line: MLTSHQKKF*HDWFLSFKD*SNNYNSKQNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA
output: 'its found' index location: 10-17

上面的“寻找”很简单，但我计划在那里使用复杂的正则表达式。
所以基本上只是想知道是否在字符串中找到了正则表达式，那么我们如何获取它的索引位置？

这是我到目前为止的代码:

foreach my $line (@file_data)
{
        if ($line=~ /HDWFLSFKD/){
            print "it's found\n"; 
            print "but at what index are the two Ds";
          }   
        else {
            $sequence.=$line;
            print "came in else\n";
        }
}

Answer 1

我相信您正在寻找 pos :

 #!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my $sequence;
while (my $line = <DATA>) {
    if ($line=~ /(HDWFLSFKD)/g){
        print "its found index location: ", 
            pos($line)-length($1), "-",  pos($line), "\n";
    } else {
        $sequence .= $line;
        print "came in else\n";
    }
}

__DATA__
MLTSHQKKF*HDWFLSFKD*SNNYNSKQNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA
MLTSHQKKFSNNYNSKQNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA
MLTSHQKKFSNNYNSK*HDWFLSFKD*QNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA

您还可以使用 @- 和 @+ 变量:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my $sequence;
while (my $line = <DATA>) {
        if ($line=~ /HDWFLSFKD/){
                print "its found index location: $-[0]-$+[0]\n";
        } else {
                $sequence .= $line;
                print "came in else\n";
        }
}

__DATA__
MLTSHQKKF*HDWFLSFKD*SNNYNSKQNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA
MLTSHQKKFSNNYNSKQNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDLGIRTIA
MLTSHQKKFSNNYNSK*HDWFLSFKD*QNHSIKDIFNRFNHYIYNDL