spring - 使用 spring-test-mvc 在 Spring Controller 测试中未注入(inject)服务

Question

我正在尝试为使用 Spring MVC 3.1.1 创建的 Restful API 服务器构建一组单元/集成测试。
我正在尝试使用 Spring-test-mvc .
我对 Spring 比较陌生，因此对 spring-test-mvc 比较陌生。
我将包含我的代码的相关部分，让您了解我的结构:
采购 Controller :

@Controller
public class PurchaseController
{    
    @Autowired
    private IPurchaseService purchaseService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "purchases", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public final List<Purchase> getAll()
    {
        return purchaseService.getAll();
    }
}

购买服务:

@Service
public class PurchaseService implements IPurchaseService
{
    @Autowired
    private IPurchaseDAO purchaseDAO;

    public PurchaseService()
    {

    }

    @Transactional
    public List<Purchase> getAll()
    {
        return purchaseDAO.findAll();
    }
}

购买DAO:

@Repository
public class PurchaseDAO extends AbstractJpaDAO<Purchase> implements
        IPurchaseDAO
{

    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager entityManager;

    public PurchaseDAO()
    {
        setClazz(Purchase.class);
    }
}

摘要JpaDAO:

public abstract class AbstractJpaDAO<T extends Serializable> implements
        IAbstractJpaDAO<T> {

    private Class<T> clazz;

    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager entityManager;

    public void setClazz(final Class<T> clazzToSet) {
        this.clazz = clazzToSet;
    }

    public List<T> findAll() {
        return entityManager.createQuery("from " + clazz.getName())
                .getResultList();
    }
}

这是我的 Controller 测试:

public class PurchaseControllerTest extends AbstractControllerTest
{
    @Autowired
    private IPurchaseService purchaseService;

    @Autowired
    private PurchaseController purchaseController;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup()
    {
        // Test Purchase
        Purchase purchase = new Purchase();
        purchase.setPan(5412311111111121l);
        purchase.setCvc((short) 122);
        purchase.setExpiry("1215");
        purchase.setMerchantName("TestMerchant");
        purchase.setMerchantType("Airline");
        purchase.setTransactionAmount(new BigDecimal("300.99"));
        
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(purchaseController).build();
        purchaseService.addPurchase(purchase);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAll() throws Exception
    {
        this.mockMvc
                .perform(get("/purchase").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
    }
}

抽象 Controller 测试:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ControllerTestConfig.class}, loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class AbstractControllerTest
{
   
}

Controller 测试配置:

@Configuration
@Profile("test")
public class ControllerTestConfig {
    
    @Bean
public PurchaseService purchaseService()
{
    return new PurchaseService();
}

@Bean
public PurchaseDAO purchaseDAO()
{
    return new PurchaseDAO();
}

@Bean
public EntityManagerFactory entityManager()
{
    return new LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean().getObject();
}
}

通过 Eclipse 的 JUnit 运行测试时出现以下错误:

2012-07-08 16:16:00,017 TRACE [main] o.s.c.s.GenericApplicationContext [AbstractApplicationContext.java:322] Publishing event in org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@42b307f0: org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent[source=org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@42b307f0: startup date [Sun Jul 08 16:15:59 IST 2012]; root of context hierarchy]
2012-07-08 16:16:00,018 DEBUG [main] o.s.t.c.TestContext [TestContext.java:150] Storing ApplicationContext for test class [class com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest] in cache under key [[MergedContextConfiguration@2f8a49e0 testClass = PurchaseControllerTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.app.spring.testing.ControllerTestConfig}', activeProfiles = '{test}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoader']].
2012-07-08 16:16:00,019 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:222] Getting BeanInfo for class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]
2012-07-08 16:16:00,022 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:238] Caching PropertyDescriptors for class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]
2012-07-08 16:16:00,022 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:250] Found bean property 'class' of type [java.lang.Class]
2012-07-08 16:16:00,023 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:250] Found bean property 'mockMvc' of type [org.springframework.test.web.server.MockMvc]
2012-07-08 16:16:00,026 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:60] Found injected element on class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]: AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService
2012-07-08 16:16:00,026 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:60] Found injected element on class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]: AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.controller.PurchaseController com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseController
2012-07-08 16:16:00,027 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:85] Processing injected method of bean 'com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest': AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService
2012-07-08 16:16:00,034 ERROR [main] o.s.t.c.TestContextManager [TestContextManager.java:324] Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@403ef810] to prepare test instance [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest@656546ef]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.app.service.IPurchaseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

关于为什么我的 PurchaseService 没有创建和注入(inject)的任何想法？

更新
所以我将我的购买服务 Bean 添加到 ControllerTestConfig ......现在我收到关于我的 purchaseDAO 的错误。
如何将此添加到我的 ControllerTestConfig？它必须嵌套在购买 Bean 中吗？

2012-07-08 18:30:23,029 ERROR [main] o.s.t.c.TestContextManager [TestContextManager.java:324] Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@56da6bf4] to prepare test instance [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest@df4cbee]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) [.cp/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.persistence.dao.IPurchaseDAO com.app.service.impl.PurchaseService.purchaseDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseDAO': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

我将 PurchaseDAO bean 添加到 ControllerTestConfig。
更新 2
所以现在我在将一个 EntityManagerFactory Bean 添加到我的 ControllerTestConfig 后得到一个空指针异常!

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) [.cp/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.persistence.dao.IPurchaseDAO com.app.service.impl.PurchaseService.purchaseDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseDAO': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

有任何想法吗？
谢谢

Answer 1

这将不起作用，因为 spring-test-mvc 不会从 Junit 的 ContextConfiguration 中选择上下文配置，而是您可以这样做(假设您的 Service beans 正在通过 ControllerTestConfig 配置加载到某个地方):

MockMvcBuilders.annotationConfigSetup(ControllerTestConfig.class).build().perform(get("/purchase").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));