python - Selenium Chrome Webdriver 进程在本地工作但不在 Heroku 上工作

Question

所以我有以下在本地正常工作的 Selenium Chrome Webdriver 进程。基本上，当下面的代码运行时，通过 Best Buy 进行购买，并且从我的 Twilio 电话号码向我发送一条 SMS 消息，指示购买是否成功。全部大写的变量已经定义。我也没有包括进口。同样，以下代码在本地运行时使购买成功。这意味着我从我的 Twilio 电话号码收到的 SMS 消息包含“成功!”每次在本地运行以下代码时:

client = Client(ACCOUNT_SID, AUTH_TOKEN)
def runBestBuyBotLocal():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.bestbuy.com/site/spongebob-squarepants-mini-plush-styles-may-vary/6404213.p?skuId=6404213")
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html/body[@class='size-l']/div[@class='pl-page-content']//div[@class='container-v2']/div[@class='row v-m-bottom-g']/div[2]//div[@class='col-xs-12']/div[6]/div[@class='None']/div/div/div/button[@type='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@class='c-portal']/div[@role='dialog']/div[1]/div[@role='dialog']/div[@role='document']//a[@role='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='cartApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[@class='large-view size-l']//div[@class='fluid-large-view']//section[@class='fluid-large-view__sidebar']//button[@type='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='fld-e']")))
    element.send_keys(EMAIL)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='fld-p1']")))
    element.send_keys(PASSWORD)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@class='cia-app-container']/div[@class='cia-actual-full-page-wrapper lv']/section/main[@class='cia-wrapper container']//form/div[3]/button")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='credit-card-cvv']"))))
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='credit-card-cvv']")))
    element.send_keys(CVV)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='checkoutApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[1]/div[1]//div[@class='checkout__container checkout__container-fast-track']/div[@class='checkout__col checkout__col--primary']//div[@class='button--place-order-fast-track']/button"))))
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='checkoutApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[1]/div[1]//div[@class='checkout__container checkout__container-fast-track']/div[@class='checkout__col checkout__col--primary']//div[@class='button--place-order-fast-track']/button")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    
try:
    runBestBuyBotLocal()
    message = client.messages \
        .create(
            body='Success!',
            from_=TWILIONUMBER,
            to=MYNUMBER
        )
except:
    message = client.messages \
        .create(
            body='Fail! ' + traceback.format_exc(),
            from_=TWILIONUMBER,
            to=MYNUMBER
        )

以下代码是基本相同的过程，但稍微调整以在 Heroku 远程 dyno 上运行。它是我的 Heroku 网络应用程序的一部分。在 Heroku 远程 dyno 上运行时，以下代码无法成功购买。相反，它在行 element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@class='c-portal']/div[@role='dialog']/div[1]/div[@role='dialog']/div[@role='document']//a[@role='button']"))) 上抛出超时错误
这真的很奇怪，因为我在 runBestBuyBotLocal 中有相同的行, 当 runBestBuyBotLocal在本地执行gets，该行没有抛出超时异常，购买成功。
因此，由于抛出了超时异常，每次我在 Heroku 远程测功机上运行以下代码时，我都会从我的 Twilio 电话号码收到一条包含“失败!”的 SMS 消息:

def runBestBuyBotRemote():
    chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    chrome_options.binary_location = os.environ.get("GOOGLE_CHROME_BIN")
    chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
    chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
    chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.environ.get("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"), chrome_options=chrome_options)
    driver.get("https://www.bestbuy.com/site/spongebob-squarepants-mini-plush-styles-may-vary/6404213.p?skuId=6404213")
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html/body[@class='size-l']/div[@class='pl-page-content']//div[@class='container-v2']/div[@class='row v-m-bottom-g']/div[2]//div[@class='col-xs-12']/div[6]/div[@class='None']/div/div/div/button[@type='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@class='c-portal']/div[@role='dialog']/div[1]/div[@role='dialog']/div[@role='document']//a[@role='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='cartApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[@class='large-view size-l']//div[@class='fluid-large-view']//section[@class='fluid-large-view__sidebar']//button[@type='button']")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='fld-e']")))
    element.send_keys(EMAIL)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='fld-p1']")))
    element.send_keys(PASSWORD)
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@class='cia-app-container']/div[@class='cia-actual-full-page-wrapper lv']/section/main[@class='cia-wrapper container']//form/div[3]/button")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='credit-card-cvv']"))))
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//input[@id='credit-card-cvv']")))
    element.send_keys(CVV)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='checkoutApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[1]/div[1]//div[@class='checkout__container checkout__container-fast-track']/div[@class='checkout__col checkout__col--primary']//div[@class='button--place-order-fast-track']/button"))))
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "/html//div[@id='checkoutApp']/div[@class='page-spinner page-spinner--out']/div[1]/div[1]//div[@class='checkout__container checkout__container-fast-track']/div[@class='checkout__col checkout__col--primary']//div[@class='button--place-order-fast-track']/button")))
    element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

client = Client(ACCOUNT_SID, AUTH_TOKEN)
try:
    runBestBuyBotRemote()
    message = client.messages \
        .create(
            body='Success!',
            from_=TWILIONUMBER,
            to=MYNUMBER
        )
except:
    message = client.messages \
        .create(
            body='Fail!' + traceback.format_exc(),
            from_=TWILIONUMBER,
            to=MYNUMBER
        )

所以，问题是:有没有人知道为什么 runBestBuyBotLocal在本地运行时不会抛出超时异常以及为什么 runBestBuyBotRemote在我的 Heroku 远程测功机上运行时是否抛出超时异常？换句话说，为什么我会得到“成功!”当进程在本地运行并显示“失败!”时的 SMS 消息当它在我的 Heroku 远程测功机上运行时出现消息？
我很困惑为什么该过程在本地运行时成功而在 Heroku 远程 dyno 上运行时失败。 runBestBuyBoyLocal之间的唯一区别和 runBestBuyBotRemote函数是 webdriver 的实例化方式。所以一个失败和一个成功的原因可能是由于这种差异，但我不确定。
如果我需要清理任何东西，请告诉我!

Answer 1

import traceback

try:
    WebDriverWait(driver, 2).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
        (By.XPATH, '//b[@id = "country_england"]/preceding-sibling::input'))).click()
except:
    traceback.print_exc()

使用 traceback 打印完整的异常跟踪。