raku - 包含指针的 N​​ativeCall 结构

Question

我有以下结构:

typedef struct _info{
  DWORD myInfo;
  BYTE  *pInfo;
  LPWSTR ExtData;

} Info;

我使用 NativeCall 表示这个结构体因此:

class Info is repr('CStruct') {
    has int32 $.myInfo;
    has Pointer[int8] $.pInfo ; 
    has Pointer[int16] $.ExtData;
}

这个代表好吗？如何访问和设置 $.pInfo 指向的数据?

Answer 1

这种表示对我来说似乎没问题……鉴于这个发明的 C 库:
(请不要选择我的 C foo - 它离题了)

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef unsigned long int DWORD;
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef char * LPWSTR;

typedef struct _info{
  DWORD   myInfo;
  BYTE   *pInfo;
  LPWSTR  ExtData;
} Info;


Info* create_info();
void  display_info();
void  double_info(Info*);

Info*
create_info() {
    DWORD init_myinfo    = 2016;
    BYTE  init_pinfo     = 37;
    char  init_ExtData[] = "Hello World";

    Info *new_info = malloc(sizeof(Info));
    if (new_info == NULL) {
        printf( "Memory alloc failed\n" );
        exit(1);
    }

    new_info->myInfo = init_myinfo;

    BYTE *pinfo = malloc(sizeof(BYTE));
    *pinfo = init_pinfo;
    new_info->pInfo = pinfo;

    char *ext_data = malloc(sizeof(init_ExtData));
    strcpy(ext_data, init_ExtData);
    new_info->ExtData = ext_data;

    return new_info;
}

void
display_info(Info *inf) {
    printf("myInfo: %lu\n", inf->myInfo);
    printf("pInfo:  %i\n", *inf->pInfo);
    printf("ExtData: %s\n", inf->ExtData);
}

void
double_info(Info *inf) {

    inf->myInfo *=  2;

    if ( *(inf->pInfo) < 128 )
        *(inf->pInfo) *= 2;

    int extdata_len = strlen(inf->ExtData);
    char *tmp_extdata = malloc(extdata_len * 2 + 2);
    strncpy(tmp_extdata, inf->ExtData, extdata_len);
    tmp_extdata[extdata_len] = '+';
    strcpy(&tmp_extdata[extdata_len+1], inf->ExtData);
    inf->ExtData = tmp_extdata;
}

那么你使用 NativeCall 的 perl6 结构定义或多或少是有效的:

#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use NativeCall;

class Info is repr('CStruct') {
    has int32          $.myInfo;
    has Pointer[int8]  $.pInfo ;
    has Pointer[Str]   $.ExtData;

    method Str {
      qq:to/END HERE/;
      myInfo: $!myInfo
      pInfo: { $!pInfo.deref }
      ExtData: { $!ExtData.deref }
      END HERE
    }
}

our sub create_info()  returns Info is native('pinfo') { * }
our sub display_info(Info) is native('pinfo') { * }
our sub double_info(Info is rw) is native('pinfo') { * }

my Info $inf = create_info();
say 'Displaying $inf after calling create_info()';
display_info $inf;

double_info $inf;
say 'Displaying $inf after calling double_info()';
display_info $inf;

say 'Displaying $inf by calling attribute methods on Perl6 object';
say "myInfo: $inf.myInfo()";
say "pInfo: $inf.pInfo.deref()";
say "ExtData: $inf.ExtData.deref()";

say 'Displaying $inf by stringifying Perl6 object';
say "$inf";
exit 0;

这会产生一系列结果；

Displaying $inf after calling create_info()
myInfo: 2016
pInfo:  37
ExtData: Hello World
Displaying $inf after calling double_info()
myInfo: 4032
pInfo:  74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World
Displaying $inf by calling attribute methods on Perl6 object
myInfo: 4032
pInfo: 74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World
Displaying $inf by stringifying Perl6 object
myInfo: 4032
pInfo: 74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World

或者，可以在 perl6 类中隐藏更多的“胶水”；

#!/usr/bin/env perl6
use NativeCall;

class Info is repr('CStruct') {
    has int32          $.myInfo is rw ;
    has Pointer[int8]  $!pInfo ;
    has Pointer[Str]   $!ExtData ;

    my sub create_info() returns Info is native('pinfo') { * }
    my sub display_info(Info)         is native('pinfo') { * }
    my sub double_info(Info is rw)    is native('pinfo') { * }

    method new     {  create_info()      }
    method display {  display_info(self) }
    method double  {  double_info(self)  }

    method pInfo   {  $!pInfo.deref      }
    method ExtData {  $!ExtData.deref    }

    method Str {
        qq:to/END HERE/;
        myInfo: {  self.myInfo  }
        pInfo: {   self.pInfo   }
        ExtData: { self.ExtData }
        END HERE
    }
}

my Info $inf .= new;
say 'Displaying $inf after calling .new';
$inf.display ;

$inf.double ;
say 'Displaying $inf after calling .double';
$inf.display ;

say 'Displaying $inf by calling attribute methods on Perl6 object';
say "myInfo: $inf.myInfo()";
say "pInfo: $inf.pInfo()";
say "ExtData: $inf.ExtData()";

$inf.myInfo = 12046 ;
say 'Displaying $inf by stringifying Perl6 object';
say "$inf";
exit 0;

......更干净的外观。它同样产生；

Displaying $inf after calling .new
myInfo: 2016
pInfo:  37
ExtData: Hello World
Displaying $inf after calling .double
myInfo: 4032
pInfo:  74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World
Displaying $inf by calling attribute methods on Perl6 object
myInfo: 4032
pInfo: 74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World
Displaying $inf by stringifying Perl6 object
myInfo: 12046
pInfo: 74
ExtData: Hello World+Hello World

笔记:
(1) 您对 Pointer 类型的属性调用 .deref() 方法以获取所指向的实际数据。
(2) NativeCall documentation必须多次阅读;-)
(3) 无论我尝试什么，我都无法修改通过指针引用的数据 - 我不断收到“无法修改不可变数据”。
(4) YMMV