dictionary - 字典 <'K, ' V> 的类型扩展错误

Question

以下类型扩展

module Dict =

  open System.Collections.Generic

  type Dictionary<'K, 'V> with
    member this.Difference(that:Dictionary<'K, 'T>) =
      let dict = Dictionary()
      for KeyValue(k, v) in this do
        if not (that.ContainsKey(k)) then
          dict.Add(k, v)
      dict

给出错误:

The signature and implementation are not compatible because the declaration of the type parameter 'TKey' requires a constraint of the form 'TKey : equality

但是当我添加约束时，它给出了错误:

The declared type parameters for this type extension do not match the declared type parameters on the original type 'Dictionary<,>'

这特别神秘，因为以下类型扩展没有约束并且有效。

type Dictionary<'K, 'V> with
  member this.TryGet(key) =
    match this.TryGetValue(key) with
    | true, v -> Some v
    | _ -> None

现在我有奇怪的想法:是否只有在访问某些成员时才需要约束？

Answer 1

module Dict =

  open System.Collections.Generic

  type Dictionary<'K, 'V> with
    member this.Difference(that:Dictionary<'K, 'T>) =
        let dict = Dictionary(this.Comparer)
        for KeyValue(k, v) in this do
            if not (that.ContainsKey(k)) then
                dict.Add(k, v)
        dict

编辑 :

根据 F# spec (14.11 Additional Constraints on CLI Methods)

Some specific CLI methods and types are treated specially by F#, because they are common in F# programming and cause extremely difficult-to-find bugs. For each use of the following constructs, the F# compiler imposes additional ad hoc constraints:

• x.Equals(yobj) requires type ty : equality for the static type of x
• x.GetHashCode() requires type ty : equality for the static type of x
• new Dictionary<A,B>() requires A : equality, for any overload that does not take an IEqualityComparer<T>