Python 静态类型提示/检查 Iterable[AnyStr] 与 Iterable[str] 之间的不匹配 |可迭代[字节]

Question

我遇到了这个静态类型提示不匹配(使用 Pyright):

from __future__ import annotations
from typing import AnyStr, Iterable


def foo(i: Iterable[AnyStr]):
    return i


def bar(i: Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes]):
    return i


def baz(i: Iterable[str | bytes]):
    return i


def main():
    s = ['a']

    # makes sense to me
    baz(foo(s))  # allowed
    foo(baz(s))  # not allowed

    # makes sense to me
    baz(bar(s))  # allowed
    bar(baz(s))  # not allowed

    bar(foo(s))  # allowed
    foo(bar(s))  # nope -- why?

Iterable[AnyStr]有什么区别和 Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes] ?
它们不应该是“等效的”吗？ (除了 AnyStr 指的是上下文中的单个一致类型)
更具体地说:键入提示以下内容的正确方法是什么？

import random
from typing import Iterable, AnyStr

def foo(i: Iterable[AnyStr]):
    return i

def exclusive_bytes_or_str():  # type-inferred to be Iterator[bytes] | Iterator[str]
    if random.randrange(2) == 0:
        return iter([b'bytes'])
    else:
        return iter(['str'])

foo(iter([b'bytes']))          # fine
foo(iter(['str']))             # fine
foo(exclusive_bytes_or_str())  # same error

Answer 1

释义 answer来自 erictraut@github :

This isn't really the intended use for a constrained TypeVar. I recommend using an @overload instead:

@overload
def foo(i: Iterable[str]) -> Iterable[str]: ...
@overload
def foo(i: Iterable[bytes]) -> Iterable[bytes]: ...

def foo(i: Iterable[AnyStr]) -> Iterable[AnyStr]:
    return i

因为:

The type Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes] is not assignable to type Iterable[AnyStr]. A constrained type variable needs to be matched against one of its contraints, not multiple constraints. When a type variable is "solved", it needs to be replaced by another (typically concrete) type. If foo(bar(s)) were allowed, what type would the AnyType@foo type variable resolve to? If it were resolved to type str | bytes, then the concrete return type of foo would be Iterable[str | bytes]. That's clearly wrong.