c++ - gRPC - C++ 异步 HelloWorld 客户端示例不异步执行任何操作

Question

我正在尝试学习如何在 C++ 中异步使用 gRPC。在 https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/v1.33.1/examples/cpp/helloworld/greeter_async_client.cc 上查看客户端示例
除非我误解，否则我没有看到任何异步被证明。只有一个 RPC 调用，它会阻塞在主线程上，直到服务器处理它并将结果发回。
我需要做的是创建一个可以进行一个 RPC 调用的客户端，然后在等待第一个从服务器返回的结果的同时启动另一个。
我不知道该怎么做。
有没有人有一个工作示例，或者任何人都可以描述如何实际异步使用 gRPC？
他们的示例代码:

/*
 *
 * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

#include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
#include <grpc/support/log.h>

#ifdef BAZEL_BUILD
#include "examples/protos/helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#else
#include "helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#endif

using grpc::Channel;
using grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader;
using grpc::ClientContext;
using grpc::CompletionQueue;
using grpc::Status;
using helloworld::HelloRequest;
using helloworld::HelloReply;
using helloworld::Greeter;

class GreeterClient {
 public:
  explicit GreeterClient(std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel)
      : stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}

  // Assembles the client's payload, sends it and presents the response back
  // from the server.
  std::string SayHello(const std::string& user) {
    // Data we are sending to the server.
    HelloRequest request;
    request.set_name(user);

    // Container for the data we expect from the server.
    HelloReply reply;

    // Context for the client. It could be used to convey extra information to
    // the server and/or tweak certain RPC behaviors.
    ClientContext context;

    // The producer-consumer queue we use to communicate asynchronously with the
    // gRPC runtime.
    CompletionQueue cq;

    // Storage for the status of the RPC upon completion.
    Status status;

    // stub_->PrepareAsyncSayHello() creates an RPC object, returning
    // an instance to store in "call" but does not actually start the RPC
    // Because we are using the asynchronous API, we need to hold on to
    // the "call" instance in order to get updates on the ongoing RPC.
    std::unique_ptr<ClientAsyncResponseReader<HelloReply> > rpc(
    stub_->PrepareAsyncSayHello(&context, request, &cq));

    // StartCall initiates the RPC call
    rpc->StartCall();

    // Request that, upon completion of the RPC, "reply" be updated with the
    // server's response; "status" with the indication of whether the operation
    // was successful. Tag the request with the integer 1.
    rpc->Finish(&reply, &status, (void*)1);
    void* got_tag;
    bool ok = false;
    // Block until the next result is available in the completion queue "cq".
    // The return value of Next should always be checked. This return value
    // tells us whether there is any kind of event or the cq_ is shutting down.
    GPR_ASSERT(cq.Next(&got_tag, &ok));

    // Verify that the result from "cq" corresponds, by its tag, our previous
    // request.
    GPR_ASSERT(got_tag == (void*)1);
    // ... and that the request was completed successfully. Note that "ok"
    // corresponds solely to the request for updates introduced by Finish().
    GPR_ASSERT(ok);

    // Act upon the status of the actual RPC.
    if (status.ok()) {
      return reply.message();
    } else {
      return "RPC failed";
    }
  }

 private:
  // Out of the passed in Channel comes the stub, stored here, our view of the
  // server's exposed services.
  std::unique_ptr<Greeter::Stub> stub_;
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  // Instantiate the client. It requires a channel, out of which the actual RPCs
  // are created. This channel models a connection to an endpoint (in this case,
  // localhost at port 50051). We indicate that the channel isn't authenticated
  // (use of InsecureChannelCredentials()).
  GreeterClient greeter(grpc::CreateChannel(
      "localhost:50051", grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials()));
  std::string user("world");
  std::string reply = greeter.SayHello(user);  // The actual RPC call!
  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Answer 1

你是对的，这是一个非常糟糕的例子，它阻塞而不是异步的。
最好看看这个例子:grpc/greeter_async_client2 .
在这里，您可以在主要内容中看到它们以异步非阻塞方式循环发送 rpc 消息:
客户端异步发送函数:

void SayHello(const std::string& user) {
    // Data we are sending to the server.
    HelloRequest request;
    request.set_name(user);

    // Call object to store rpc data
    AsyncClientCall* call = new AsyncClientCall;

    call->response_reader =
        stub_->PrepareAsyncSayHello(&call->context, request, &cq_);

    // StartCall initiates the RPC call
    call->response_reader->StartCall();

    call->response_reader->Finish(&call->reply, &call->status, (void*)call);
}

客户端异步接收函数:

// Loop while listening for completed responses.
// Prints out the response from the server.
void AsyncCompleteRpc() {
    void* got_tag;
    bool ok = false;

    // Block until the next result is available in the completion queue "cq".
    while (cq_.Next(&got_tag, &ok)) {
        // The tag in this example is the memory location of the call object
        AsyncClientCall* call = static_cast<AsyncClientCall*>(got_tag);

        if (call->status.ok())
            std::cout << "Greeter received: " << call->reply.message() << std::endl;
        else
            std::cout << "RPC failed" << std::endl;

        // Once we're complete, deallocate the call object.
        delete call;
    }
}

主要功能:

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    GreeterClient greeter(grpc::CreateChannel(
            "localhost:50051", grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials()));

    // Spawn reader thread that loops indefinitely
    std::thread thread_ = std::thread(&GreeterClient::AsyncCompleteRpc, &greeter);

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        std::string user("world " + std::to_string(i));
        greeter.SayHello(user);  // The actual RPC call!
    }

    std::cout << "Press control-c to quit" << std::endl << std::endl;
    thread_.join();  //blocks forever

    return 0;
}

添加
正如@nmgeek 所指出的，此解决方案中存在潜在的内存泄漏，请参阅 memory-leak-in-grpc-async-client .