pip - 无法在 Python 3.9 上安装 Pillow 7

Question

我正面临一个无法找到解决方案的问题。
我有 Python 3.9.0a1 和 pip 20.0.2，我不能安装不同的包，比如 Pillow 而其他包我没有这个问题，有人可以帮我管理这个错误吗？是否与 Python 版本有关？
错误:

C:\Users\aless>pip install Pillow
Collecting Pillow
  Using cached Pillow-7.0.0.tar.gz (38.2 MB)
Installing collected packages: Pillow
    Running setup.py install for Pillow ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\aless\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1nsui_69\\Pillow\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\aless\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1nsui_69\\Pillow\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-wuxivqzq\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\Include\Pillow'
         cwd: C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1nsui_69\Pillow\
    Complete output (176 lines):
    C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1nsui_69\Pillow\setup.py:42: RuntimeWarning: Pillow 7.0.0 does not support Python 3.9 and does not provide prebuilt Windows binaries. We do not recommend building from source on Windows.
      warnings.warn(
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win32-3.9
    creating build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\BdfFontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\BlpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\BmpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ContainerIO.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\CurImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\DcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\DdsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\EpsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ExifTags.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\features.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\FliImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\FontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\FpxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\FtexImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GbrImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GdImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GifImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GimpGradientFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GimpPaletteFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\IcoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\Image.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageChops.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageCms.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageColor.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageDraw.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageDraw2.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageEnhance.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageFilter.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageFont.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageGrab.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageMath.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageMode.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageMorph.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageOps.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImagePalette.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImagePath.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageQt.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageSequence.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageShow.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageStat.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageTk.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageTransform.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImageWin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\ImtImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\IptcImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\JpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\JpegPresets.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\MicImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\MpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\MpoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\MspImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PaletteFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PalmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PcdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PcfFontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PdfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PdfParser.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PixarImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PngImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PsdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PSDraw.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\PyAccess.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\SgiImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\SunImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\TarIO.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\TgaImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\TiffImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\TiffTags.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\WalImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\WebPImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\WmfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\XbmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\XpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\_binary.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\_tkinter_finder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\_util.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\_version.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    copying src\PIL\__main__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.9\PIL
    running egg_info
    writing src\Pillow.egg-info\PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to src\Pillow.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
    writing top-level names to src\Pillow.egg-info\top_level.txt
    reading manifest file 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    warning: no files found matching '*.c'
    warning: no files found matching '*.h'
    warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching '.codecov.yml'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
    warning: no previously-included files found matching 'azure-pipelines.yml'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
    no previously-included directories found matching '.azure-pipelines'
    no previously-included directories found matching '.travis'
    writing manifest file 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
    running build_ext


    The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
    a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

    Please see the install instructions at:
       https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1nsui_69\Pillow\setup.py", line 852, in <module>
        setup(
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 144, in setup
        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
        return orig.install.run(self)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 340, in run
        self.build_extensions()
      File "C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1nsui_69\Pillow\setup.py", line 687, in build_extensions
        raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
    __main__.RequiredDependencyException: zlib

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1nsui_69\Pillow\setup.py", line 907, in <module>
        raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
    __main__.RequiredDependencyException:

    The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
    a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

    Please see the install instructions at:
       https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html


    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\aless\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1nsui_69\\Pillow\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\aless\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1nsui_69\\Pillow\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\aless\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-wuxivqzq\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\users\aless\appdata\local\programs\python\python39-32\Include\Pillow' Check the logs for full command output.

Answer 1

正如@Njord 所提到的，PIL 没有得到维护。它的 fork Pillow 是。 Here's information about the project.该 fork 尚未针对 Python 3.9 进行更新 - 因为许多软件包不会更新。在此期间，您需要使用 Python 3.8，直到更新到来。
Pillow 将在其 8.0.0 版本中获得 Python 3.9 支持。截至今天，它是 scheduled for October 15, 2020 .