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C 函数意外改变值

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-04 11:24:12 24 4
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我遇到了一个奇怪的问题,google 和 SO 搜索都无法解决。这可能是一件非常简单的事情,但我已经思考了几个小时,还是想不通。

我正在使用 Ncurses(使用 Ubuntu)在 C 中编写俄罗斯方 block 。

我的主函数调用一个 updatePiece() 函数,传入一个指向跟踪事件片段状态的结构的指针,以及键盘输入缓冲区。

结构:

struct piece {                                                                  
struct coords pos;
char currentMap[4][MAPSIZEX][MAPSIZEY];
int type;
int rotation;
int leftColumn;
int rightColumn;
int bottomRow;
};

updatePiece 函数:

void updatePiece(struct piece* piece, int input) {                              
switch(input) {
case KEY_UP:
++piece->rotation;
if(piece->rotation == 4)
piece->rotation = 0;
getBoundary(piece);
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
if(piece->pos.x + piece->rightColumn != WELLSIZEX)
++piece->pos.x;
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
if(piece->pos.x + piece->leftColumn != 0)
--piece->pos.x;
break;
case 'p':
++piece->type;
selectMap(piece);
getBoundary(piece);
break;
}

if(piece->pos.y + piece->bottomRow >= WELLSIZEY)
piece->pos.y = 0;
++piece->pos.y;
}

很酷,所以该函数可以移动棋子、旋转等。一旦当前棋子变为“死”等,我最终会使用 rand() 选择一个新棋子,但现在我正在检测“p”正在输入并使用它来随意增加计数器。

然而,这件作品似乎只会旋转一次。使用 mvprintw() 告诉我 piece->type 的内容似乎没有改变。

所以我跳进了 gdb 以了解发生了什么。一开始一切都很顺利;在 stdin 中检测到 'p',piece->type 确实递增,然后调用 selectMap() 函数。这是有趣的事情发生的地方。

void selectMap(struct piece* piece) {                                           
switch(piece->type) {
// T Piece
case 0:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], ".X..");
return;
// J Piece
case 1:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "..X.");
return;

<REST OF FUNCTION OMITTED>
}
}

该函数更改 currentPiece 字符数组以匹配当前片段类型。一切都很好地复制,但是一旦函数退出 piece->type 就设置为 0。

我不知道为什么。 Piece 通过引用传递,因此它不应该是范围问题。使用开关或一堆 if/elses 没有任何效果。使用 break 或 return 无效。

这可能是一些非常简单和愚蠢的东西,但作为一个自学成才的编码员,它让我感到难过。

感谢任何帮助。完整代码如下(欢迎批评!):

#include <ncurses.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define WELLSIZEX 10
#define WELLSIZEY 20
#define MAPSIZEX 4
#define MAPSIZEY 4
#define DELAY 100000

struct coords {
int x;
int y;
};

struct piece {
struct coords pos;
char currentMap[4][MAPSIZEX][MAPSIZEY];
int type;
int rotation;
int leftColumn;
int rightColumn;
int bottomRow;
};


void selectMap(struct piece* piece) {
switch(piece->type) {
// T Piece
case 0:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], ".X..");
return;
// J Piece
case 1:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "..X.");
return;
// L Piece
case 2:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "..X.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "....");
return;
// O Piece
case 3:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "....");
return;
// I Piece
case 4:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XXXX");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XXXX");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "....");
return;
// S Piece
case 5:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], ".X..");
return;
// Z Piece
case 6:
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "X...");
return;
}
/*
if(piece->type == 0) {
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], ".X..");
}
if(piece->type == 1) {
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][1], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][3], "XX..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][1], "X...");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[1][3], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][1], ".XX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][2], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[2][3], ".X..");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][0], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][1], "....");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][2], "XXX.");
strcpy(piece->currentMap[3][3], "..X.");
}
*/

}

void inits(struct piece* piece, char wellMap[WELLSIZEX][WELLSIZEY]) {
piece->pos.x = piece->pos.y = 1;
piece->rotation = 0;
piece->type = 0;
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;

selectMap(piece);

int x, y;
for(y = 0; y < WELLSIZEY; ++y)
for(x = 0; x < WELLSIZEX; ++x)
wellMap[x][y] = '.';
}

void getBoundary(struct piece* piece) {
// T Piece
if(piece->type == 0) {
if(piece->rotation == 0) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 1) {
piece->leftColumn = 1;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 2) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 1;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
}
// J Piece
if(piece->type == 1) {
if(piece->rotation == 0) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 1;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 1) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 2) {
piece->leftColumn = 1;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
}
// L Piece
if(piece->type == 2) {
if(piece->rotation == 0) {
piece->leftColumn = 1;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 1) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 2) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 1;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
}
// O Piece
if(piece->type == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 1;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
// I Piece
if(piece->type == 4) {
if(piece->rotation == 0 || piece->rotation == 2) {
piece->leftColumn = 1;
piece->rightColumn = 1;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 1 || piece->rotation == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 3;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
}
// S/Z Piece
if(piece->type == 5 || piece->type == 6) {
if(piece->rotation == 0 || piece->rotation == 2) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 2;
piece->bottomRow = 2;
return;
}
if(piece->rotation == 1 || piece->rotation == 3) {
piece->leftColumn = 0;
piece->rightColumn = 1;
piece->bottomRow = 3;
return;
}
}
}

void updatePiece(struct piece* piece, int input) {
switch(input) {
case KEY_UP:
++piece->rotation;
if(piece->rotation == 4)
piece->rotation = 0;
getBoundary(piece);
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
if(piece->pos.x + piece->rightColumn != WELLSIZEX)
++piece->pos.x;
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
if(piece->pos.x + piece->leftColumn != 0)
--piece->pos.x;
break;
case 'p':
++piece->type;
selectMap(piece);
getBoundary(piece);
break;
}

if(piece->pos.y + piece->bottomRow >= WELLSIZEY)
piece->pos.y = 0;
++piece->pos.y;
}

void drawWell(char wellMap[WELLSIZEX][WELLSIZEY]) {
int y, x;
for(y = 0; y < WELLSIZEY; ++y)
for(x = 0; x < WELLSIZEX; ++x)
mvaddch(y, x, wellMap[x][y]);

for(y = 0; y < WELLSIZEY; ++y) {
mvaddch(y, 0, '|');
mvaddch(y, WELLSIZEX, '|');
}

for(x = 0; x <= WELLSIZEX; ++x) {
mvaddch( 0, x, '-');
mvaddch(WELLSIZEY, x, '-');
}
}

void drawPiece(struct piece piece) {
int x, y;
for(y = 0; y < MAPSIZEY; ++y)
for(x = 0; x < MAPSIZEX; ++x)
mvaddch(piece.pos.y + y, piece.pos.x + x, piece.currentMap[piece.rotation][y][x]);
}

int main(void) {
struct piece piece;
char wellMap[WELLSIZEX][WELLSIZEY];

initscr();
cbreak();
curs_set(FALSE);
nodelay(stdscr, TRUE);
keypad(stdscr, TRUE);

inits(&piece, wellMap);
while(1) {
clear();
/*
if(isCollision) {
blit();
getNewPiece();
piece.pos.y = 0;
piece.pos.x = 3;
}
*/
updatePiece(&piece, getch());
drawWell(wellMap);
drawPiece(piece);
mvprintw(2, 12, "l %d / dn %d / r %d / pce %d / rot %d",
piece.leftColumn, piece.bottomRow, piece.rightColumn,
piece.type, piece.rotation);
refresh();
usleep(DELAY);
}
return 0;
}

最佳答案

您正在使用

char currentMap[4][MAPSIZEX][MAPSIZEY];

字段。

同时你在做

strcpy(piece->currentMap[0][0], "....");

诸如此类。

由于零终止符,strcpy() 实际上写入了 5 个(而不是 4 个)字节。

由于您在 currentMap 之后有“类型”字段,因此您在那里得到零(“类型”中的第一个字节被覆盖)。

要么对 piece->currentMap[i][j] 使用 memcpy(),要么分配超过 4 个字节。

关于C 函数意外改变值,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10816052/

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