erlang - 空 map 模式甚至可以匹配非空 map

Question

我正在尝试解决状态的问题

Write a function map_search_pred(Map, Pred) that returns the first element {Key,Value} in the map for which Pred(Key, Value) is true.

我的尝试看起来像

map_search_pred(#{}, _)     -> {};
map_search_pred(Map, Pred)  ->
  [H|_] = [{Key, Value} || {Key, Value} <- maps:to_list(Map), Pred(Key, Value) =:= true],
  H.

运行此命令时，我看到的输出为

1> lib_misc:map_search_pred(#{1 => 1, 2 => 3}, fun(X, Y) -> X =:= Y end).
{}
2> lib_misc:map_search_pred(#{1 => 1, 2 => 3}, fun(X, Y) -> X =:= Y end).
{}
3> maps:size(#{}).
0
4> 

我怎么确定？
我拉出第一个子句，所以它看起来像

map_search_pred(Map, Pred)  ->
  [H|_] = [{Key, Value} || {Key, Value} <- maps:to_list(Map), Pred(Key, Value) =:= true],
  H.

并再次运行

1> lib_misc:map_search_pred(#{1 => 1, 2 => 3}, fun(X, Y) -> X =:= Y end).
{1,1}
2> lib_misc:map_search_pred(#{}, fun(X, Y) -> X =:= Y end).
** exception error: no match of right hand side value []
     in function  lib_misc:map_search_pred/2 (/Users/harith/code/IdeaProjects/others/erlang/programmingErlang/src/lib_misc.erl, line 42)
3>

Answer 1

根据map documentation:

Matching an expression against an empty map literal will match its type but no variables will be bound:

#{} = Expr

This expression will match if the expression Expr is of type map, otherwise it will fail with an exception badmatch.

但是可以使用 erlang:map_size代替:

map_search_pred(Map, _) when map_size(Map) == 0 ->
  {};
map_search_pred(Map, Pred) ->
  [H|_] = [{Key, Value} || {Key, Value} <- maps:to_list(Map), Pred(Key, Value) =:= true],
  H.