正则表达式仅用于替换括号外的特定字符

Question

我正在寻找可以替换(任意数量)特定字符的正则表达式(最好在 R 中)说 ;说 ;;但仅限于 不存在 括号内()文本字符串内。
注意: 1. 括号内也可能存在多个替换字符
2.数据/向量中没有嵌套括号
例子

text;othertext替换为 text;;othertext

但是 text;other(texttt;some;someother);more替换为 text;;other(texttt;some;someother);;more . (即 ; 仅在 () 之外被替换文本替换)

如果需要澄清，我会尝试解释

in_vec <- c("abcd;ghi;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);dfg;(asd;fdsg);ag", "zvc;dfasdf;asdga;asd(asd;hsfd)", "adsg;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);sdafdf", "asagf;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;sdfa")

in_vec
#> [1] "abcd;ghi;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);dfg;(asd;fdsg);ag"
#> [2] "zvc;dfasdf;asdga;asd(asd;hsfd)"             
#> [3] "adsg;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);sdafdf"           
#> [4] "asagf;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;sdfa"

预期输出(手动计算)

[1] "abcd;;ghi;;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);;dfg;;(asd;fdsg);;ag" 
[2] "zvc;;dfasdf;;asdga;;asd(asd;hsfd)"             
[3] "adsg;;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);;sdafdf"            
[4] "asagf;;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;;sdfa"

Answer 1

您可以使用 gsub与 ;(?![^(]*\\)) :

gsub(";(?![^(]*\\))", ";;", in_vec, perl=TRUE)
#[1] "abcd;;ghi;;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);;dfg;;(asd;fdsg);;ag"
#[2] "zvc;;dfasdf;;asdga;;asd(asd;hsfd)"                   
#[3] "adsg;;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);;sdafdf"                  
#[4] "asagf;;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;;sdfa"       

;发现 ; , (?!) .. Negative Lookahead(不匹配时进行替换)， [^(] .. 一切，但不是 ( , *重复前面的 0 到 n 次， \\) .. 流经 ) .
或者

gsub(";(?=[^)]*($|\\())", ";;", in_vec, perl=TRUE)
#[1] "abcd;;ghi;;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);;dfg;;(asd;fdsg);;ag"
#[2] "zvc;;dfasdf;;asdga;;asd(asd;hsfd)"                   
#[3] "adsg;;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);;sdafdf"                  
#[4] "asagf;;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;;sdfa"       

;发现 ; , (?=) .. Positive Lookahead(在匹配时进行替换)， [^)] .. 一切，但不是 ) , *重复前面的 0 到 n 次， ($|\\() ..比赛结束 $或 ( .
或使用 gregexpr和 regmatches提取 ( 之间的部分和 )并在不匹配的子字符串中进行替换:

x <- gregexpr("\\(.*?\\)", in_vec)  #Find the part between ( and )
mapply(function(a, b) {
  paste(matrix(c(gsub(";", ";;", b), a, ""), 2, byrow=TRUE), collapse = "")
}, regmatches(in_vec, x), regmatches(in_vec, x, TRUE))
#[1] "abcd;;ghi;;dfsF(adffg;adfsasdf);;dfg;;(asd;fdsg);;ag"
#[2] "zvc;;dfasdf;;asdga;;asd(asd;hsfd)"                   
#[3] "adsg;;(asdg;ASF;DFG;ASDF;);;sdafdf"                  
#[4] "asagf;;(fafgf;sadg;sdag;a;gddfg;fd)gsfg;;sdfa"       

但所有这些都只适用于简单的打开 (关闭 )组合。