python - 如何在 Heroku 上正确安装 PyICU？

Question

我正在尝试在 Heroku 上部署我的 Python 应用程序，但没有成功。 PyICU 似乎出现了问题包，我不确定如何更正。我已经确认这是我部署的唯一问题；当我删除 PyICU从我的需求文件来看，一切正常。但当然，没有它我的网站就无法运行。
谁能指导我如何在 Heroku 上正确安装这个软件包？我尝试了各种方法，包括下载 .whl 文件，然后将其添加到我的需求文件中，但随后出现另一个错误:ERROR: PyICU-2.7.3-cp38-cp38m-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.我不明白为什么 - 这是正确的 Python 和 os 版本。
以下是构建日志的相关摘录:

-----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
-----> Using buildpack: heroku/python
-----> Python app detected
-----> Using Python version specified in runtime.txt
-----> Installing python-3.8.10
-----> Installing pip 20.2.4, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.36.2
-----> Installing SQLite3
-----> Installing requirements with pip
       ...
         Building wheel for PyICU (setup.py): started
         Building wheel for PyICU (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
         ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
          command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-zeqs7m46
              cwd: /tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/
         Complete output (90 lines):
         (running 'icu-config --version')
         (running 'pkg-config --modversion icu-i18n')
         
         Building PyICU 2.4.3 for ICU 66.1
         
         (running 'icu-config --cxxflags --cppflags')
         Could not configure CFLAGS with icu-config
         (running 'pkg-config --cflags icu-i18n')
         (running 'icu-config --ldflags')
         Could not configure LFLAGS with icu-config
         (running 'pkg-config --libs icu-i18n')
         Adding LFLAGS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata" from /usr/bin/pkg-config
         running bdist_wheel
         running build
         running build_py
         creating build
         creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
         copying PyICU.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
         creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
         copying icu/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
         running build_ext
         building '_icu' extension
         creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
         gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c _icu.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_icu.o -DPYICU_VER="2.4.3"
         In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:42,
                          from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
                          from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                          from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                          from common.h:106,
                          from _icu.cpp:27:
         ./locale.h:29:23: error: ‘Locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
            29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
               |                       ^~~~~~
               |                       locale_t
         ./locale.h:29:31: error: ‘locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
            29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
               |                               ^~~~~~
               |                               locale_t
         ./locale.h:29:39: error: expected primary-expression before ‘int’
            29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
               |                                       ^~~
         ./locale.h:29:48: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
            29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
               |                                                ^
         ./locale.h:30:29: error: ‘Locale’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
            30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
               |                             ^~~~~~
               |                             locale_t
         ./locale.h:30:43: error: ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale(const int&)’ redeclared as different kind of entity
            30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
               |                                           ^
         ./locale.h:29:11: note: previous declaration ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale’
            29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
               |           ^~~~~~~~~~~
         In file included from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
                          from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                          from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                          from common.h:106,
                          from _icu.cpp:27:
         /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:53:11: error: ‘::lconv’ has not been declared
            53 |   using ::lconv;
               |           ^~~~~
         /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:54:11: error: ‘::setlocale’ has not been declared
            54 |   using ::setlocale;
               |           ^~~~~~~~~
         /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:55:11: error: ‘::localeconv’ has not been declared
            55 |   using ::localeconv;
               |           ^~~~~~~~~~
         In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                          from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                          from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                          from common.h:106,
                          from _icu.cpp:27:
         /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:52:23: error: ‘uselocale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘u_fsetlocale’?
            52 |   extern "C" __typeof(uselocale) __uselocale;
               |                       ^~~~~~~~~
               |                       u_fsetlocale
         /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h: In function ‘int std::__convert_from_v(__locale_struct* const&, char*, int, const char*, ...)’:
         /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:75:53: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
            75 |     __c_locale __old = __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__cloc);
               |                                                     ^
         /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:100:33: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
           100 |     __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__old);
               |                                 ^
         error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
         ----------------------------------------
         ERROR: Failed building wheel for PyICU
         Running setup.py clean for PyICU
       
           Running setup.py install for PyICU: started
           Running setup.py install for PyICU: finished with status 'error'
           ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
            command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-bdqgdfr6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m/PyICU
                cwd: /tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/
           Complete output (90 lines):
           (running 'icu-config --version')
           (running 'pkg-config --modversion icu-i18n')
           
           Building PyICU 2.4.3 for ICU 66.1
           
           (running 'icu-config --cxxflags --cppflags')
           Could not configure CFLAGS with icu-config
           (running 'pkg-config --cflags icu-i18n')
           (running 'icu-config --ldflags')
           Could not configure LFLAGS with icu-config
           (running 'pkg-config --libs icu-i18n')
           Adding LFLAGS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata" from /usr/bin/pkg-config
           running install
           running build
           running build_py
           creating build
           creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
           copying PyICU.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
           creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
           copying icu/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
           running build_ext
           building '_icu' extension
           creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
           gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c _icu.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_icu.o -DPYICU_VER="2.4.3"
           In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:42,
                            from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
                            from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                            from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                            from common.h:106,
                            from _icu.cpp:27:
           ./locale.h:29:23: error: ‘Locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
              29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
                 |                       ^~~~~~
                 |                       locale_t
           ./locale.h:29:31: error: ‘locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
              29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
                 |                               ^~~~~~
                 |                               locale_t
           ./locale.h:29:39: error: expected primary-expression before ‘int’
              29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
                 |                                       ^~~
           ./locale.h:29:48: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
              29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
                 |                                                ^
           ./locale.h:30:29: error: ‘Locale’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
              30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
                 |                             ^~~~~~
                 |                             locale_t
           ./locale.h:30:43: error: ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale(const int&)’ redeclared as different kind of entity
              30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
                 |                                           ^
           ./locale.h:29:11: note: previous declaration ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale’
              29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
                 |           ^~~~~~~~~~~
           In file included from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
                            from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                            from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                            from common.h:106,
                            from _icu.cpp:27:
           /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:53:11: error: ‘::lconv’ has not been declared
              53 |   using ::lconv;
                 |           ^~~~~
           /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:54:11: error: ‘::setlocale’ has not been declared
              54 |   using ::setlocale;
                 |           ^~~~~~~~~
           /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:55:11: error: ‘::localeconv’ has not been declared
              55 |   using ::localeconv;
                 |           ^~~~~~~~~~
           In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
                            from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
                            from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
                            from common.h:106,
                            from _icu.cpp:27:
           /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:52:23: error: ‘uselocale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘u_fsetlocale’?
              52 |   extern "C" __typeof(uselocale) __uselocale;
                 |                       ^~~~~~~~~
                 |                       u_fsetlocale
           /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h: In function ‘int std::__convert_from_v(__locale_struct* const&, char*, int, const char*, ...)’:
           /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:75:53: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
              75 |     __c_locale __old = __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__cloc);
                 |                                                     ^
           /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:100:33: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
             100 |     __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__old);
                 |                                 ^
           error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
           ----------------------------------------
       ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-bdqgdfr6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m/PyICU Check the logs for full command output.
 !     Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
 !     Push failed

我有一个 requirements.txt指定所有依赖项的文件:

asgiref==3.2.7
astroid==2.3.3
beautifulsoup4==4.9.0
certifi==2020.6.20
chardet==3.0.4
click==7.1.2
colorama==0.4.3
confusable-homoglyphs==3.2.0
DAWG==0.8.0
DAWG-Python==0.7.2
defusedxml==0.6.0
diff-match-patch==20181111
dj-database-url==0.5.0
Django==3.0.3
django-autoslug-iplweb==1.9.4.dev0
django-bootstrap-form==3.4
django-bootstrap3==12.1.0
django-bootstrap4==1.1.1
django-chartit==0.2.9
django-cleanup==4.0.0
django-countries==6.1.2
django-filter==2.3.0
django-heroku==0.3.1
django-import-export==2.2.0
django-language-field==0.0.3
django-nested-admin==3.3.2
django-registration==3.1
django-restframework==0.0.1
django-tables2==2.3.1
djangorestframework==3.11.0
docopt==0.6.2
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
futures==3.1.1
gunicorn==20.1.0
idna==2.9
isort==4.3.21
jdcal==1.4.1
joblib==0.15.1
lazy-object-proxy==1.4.3
MarkupPy==1.14
mccabe==0.6.1
Morfessor==2.0.6
nltk==3.5
numpy==1.19.0
odfpy==1.4.1
openpyxl==3.0.3
Pillow==7.1.2
pkgconfig==1.5.1
polyglot==16.7.4
progressbar2==3.51.3
psycopg2==2.8.6
pycld2==0.41
# ./PyICU-2.4.3-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl   <--I've tried various combinations here
PyICU==2.4.3
pylint==2.4.4
pymorphy2==0.8
pymorphy2-dicts==2.4.393442.3710985
pymystem3==0.2.0
python-dateutil==2.8.1
python-decouple==3.4
python-Levenshtein==0.12.0
python-monkey-business==1.0.0
python-utils==2.4.0
pytz==2019.3
PyYAML==5.3.1
regex==2020.6.8
requests==2.24.0
rutermextract==0.3
six==1.13.0
soupsieve==2.0
sqlparse==0.3.1
tablib==2.0.0
tqdm==4.46.1
unicodecsv==0.14.1
Unidecode==1.1.1
urllib3==1.25.9
whitenoise==5.2.0
wincertstore==0.2
wrapt==1.11.2
xlrd==1.2.0
xlwt==1.3.0

我的 Procfile如下所示: web: gunicorn mysite.wsgi在 runtime.txt我有: python-3.8.10如果有人可以推荐修复程序，我将不胜感激，谢谢。我知道 PyICU 即使在本地安装也不是最容易的，但是我该如何告诉 Heroku 怎么做呢？
编辑 :我尝试为 ICU 添加自定义构建包: https://github.com/generalassembly/heroku-icu-buildpack
它的运行方式似乎有点不同，但仍然会出现关于语言环境以及以下内容的错误:

gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
Building ICU 57.1
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 24: pushd: icu/source: No such file or directory
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 26: ./runConfigureICU: No such file or directory
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.
make: *** No rule to make target 'install'.  Stop.
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 30: popd: directory stack empty
Caching build
cp: cannot stat '/app/icu': No such file or directory

Answer 1

我自己没有尝试过，但可能可以使用 heroku-buildpack-apt 使用他们的 Debian 安装 PyICU installation method .
否则，您的轮子需要与服务器的操作系统版本相同，而不是您的开发机器的操作系统。您可以尝试使用 this StackOverflow answer 中的技术在 Heroku dyno 中构建轮子。 .
我没有用于测试这些方法的存储库，因此我不确定它们的效果如何。如果您尝试一下，我将很乐意更新此答案。