dask - python-xarray:open_mfdataset 沿二维连接

Question

我有由 10 个合奏和 35 个时间文件组成的文件。这些文件之一看起来像:

>>> xr.open_dataset('ens1/CCSM4_ens1_07ic_19820701-19820731_NPac_Jul.nc')
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:    (ensemble: 1, latitude: 66, longitude: 191, time: 31)
Coordinates:
  * ensemble   (ensemble) int32 1
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 ...
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 100.0 101.0 102.0 103.0 104.0 105.0 106.0 ...
  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1982-07-01 1982-07-02 1982-07-03 ...
Data variables:
    u10m       (time, latitude, longitude) float64 -1.471 -0.05933 -1.923 ...
Attributes:
    CDI:                       Climate Data Interface version 1.6.5 (http://c...
    history:                   Wed Nov 22 21:54:08 2017: ncks -O -d longitude...
    Conventions:               CF-1.4
    CDO:                       Climate Data Operators version 1.6.5 (http://c...
    nco_openmp_thread_number:  1
    NCO:                       4.3.7

当我使用 open_mfdataset 文件沿时间维度连接，整体维度被删除(可能是因为它的大小为 1)？

>>> xr.open_mfdataset('ens*/*NPac*.nc')
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:    (latitude: 66, longitude: 191, time: 10850)
Coordinates:
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 ...
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 100.0 101.0 102.0 103.0 104.0 105.0 106.0 ...
  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1982-07-01 1982-07-02 1982-07-03 ...
Data variables:
    u10m       (time, latitude, longitude) float64 -1.471 -0.05933 -1.923 ...

我不确定是否也可以沿着整体维度进行连接？

我使用 merge 做了一个简单的测试如此处所示 Error on using xarray open_mfdataset function但它失败了:

>>> ds = xr.open_mfdataset('ens1/*NPac*')
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:    (ensemble: 1, latitude: 66, longitude: 191, time: 1085)
Coordinates:
  * ensemble   (ensemble) int32 1
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 ...
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 100.0 101.0 102.0 103.0 104.0 105.0 106.0 ...
  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1982-07-01 1982-07-02 1982-07-03 ...
Data variables:
    u10m       (time, latitude, longitude) float64 -1.471 -0.05933 -1.923 ...
>>> ds2 = xr.open_mfdataset('ens2/*NPac*')
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:    (ensemble: 1, latitude: 66, longitude: 191, time: 1085)
Coordinates:
  * ensemble   (ensemble) int32 2
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 ...
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 100.0 101.0 102.0 103.0 104.0 105.0 106.0 ...
  * time       (time) datetime64[ns] 1982-07-01 1982-07-02 1982-07-03 ...
Data variables:
    u10m       (time, latitude, longitude) float64 3.992 2.099 -0.3162 ...
>>> ds3 = xr.merge([ds, ds2])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/nethome/rxb826/local/bin/miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xarray/core/merge.py", line 513, in merge
    variables, coord_names, dims = merge_core(dict_like_objects, compat, join)
  File "/nethome/rxb826/local/bin/miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xarray/core/merge.py", line 432, in merge_core
    variables = merge_variables(expanded, priority_vars, compat=compat)
  File "/nethome/rxb826/local/bin/miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xarray/core/merge.py", line 166, in merge_variables
    merged[name] = unique_variable(name, variables, compat)
  File "/nethome/rxb826/local/bin/miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xarray/core/merge.py", line 85, in unique_variable
    % (name, out, var))
xarray.core.merge.MergeError: conflicting values for variable 'u10m' on objects to be combined:
first value: <xarray.Variable (time: 1085, latitude: 66, longitude: 191)>
dask.array<shape=(1085, 66, 191), dtype=float64, chunksize=(31, 66, 191)>
Attributes:
    long_name:  10m U component of wind
    units:      m s**-1
second value: <xarray.Variable (time: 1085, latitude: 66, longitude: 191)>
dask.array<shape=(1085, 66, 191), dtype=float64, chunksize=(31, 66, 191)>
Attributes:
    long_name:  10m U component of wind
    units:      m s**-1

我正在使用 v0.10.0(感谢最近的更新!)

Answer 1

xarray.open_mfdataset不支持二维合并。您需要做的是使用 concat沿着第二个维度:

import os
import xarray as xr

ens_list = []
for num in range(1, 11):
     ens = 'ens%d' % num
     ens_list.append(xr.open_mfdataset(os.path.join(ens, '*NPac*')))
ds = xr.concat(ens_list, dim='ensemble')

这是 xarray 用户遇到的常见问题。然而，编写一个通用的 ND concat 例程是相当困难的。