r - 如何使用 R 汇总数据统计信息

Question

我如何编写一个简短的脚本来创建一个新的数据框，为下面的调查的每列连续数据报告以下描述性统计数据:平均值、标准差、中位数、最小值、最大值、样本量？

   Distance Age Height Coning
1      21.4  18    3.3    Yes
2      13.9  17    3.4    Yes
3      23.9  16    2.9    Yes
4       8.7  18    3.6     No
5     241.8   6    0.7     No
6      44.5  17    1.3    Yes
7      30.0  15    2.5    Yes
8      32.3  16    1.8    Yes
9      31.4  17    5.0     No
10     32.8  13    1.6     No
11     53.3  12    2.0     No
12     54.3   6    0.9     No
13     96.3  11    2.6     No
14    133.6   4    0.6     No
15     32.1  15    2.3     No
16     57.9  12    2.4    Yes
17     30.8  17    1.8     No
18     59.9   7    0.8     No
19     42.7  15    2.0    Yes
20     20.6  18    1.7    Yes
21     62.0   8    1.3     No
22     53.1   7    1.6     No
23     28.9  16    2.2    Yes
24    177.4   5    1.1     No
25     24.8  14    1.5    Yes
26     75.3  14    2.3    Yes
27     51.6   7    1.4     No
28     36.1   9    1.1     No
29    116.1   6    1.1     No
30     28.1  16    2.5    Yes
31      8.7  19    2.2    Yes
32    105.1   6    0.8     No
33     46.0  15    3.0    Yes
34    102.6   7    1.2     No
35     15.8  15    2.2     No
36     60.0   7    1.3     No
37     96.4  13    2.6     No
38     24.2  14    1.7     No
39     14.5  15    2.4     No
40     36.6  14    1.5     No
41     65.7   5    0.6     No
42    116.3   7    1.6     No
43    113.6   8    1.0     No
44     16.7  15    4.3    Yes
45     66.0   7    1.0     No
46     60.7   7    1.0     No
47     90.6   7    0.7     No
48     91.3   7    1.3     No
49     14.4  18    3.1    Yes
50     72.8  14    3.0    Yes

Answer 1

您可以编写自己的函数来将这样的摘要放入 data.frame 中:

# Defining the function
my.summary <- function(x, na.rm=TRUE){
  result <- c(Mean=mean(x, na.rm=na.rm),
              SD=sd(x, na.rm=na.rm),
              Median=median(x, na.rm=na.rm),
              Min=min(x, na.rm=na.rm),
              Max=max(x, na.rm=na.rm), 
              N=length(x))
}

# identifying numeric columns
ind <- sapply(df, is.numeric)


# applying the function to numeric columns only
sapply(df[, ind], my.summary)  
        Distance       Age     Height
Mean    58.67200 11.840000  1.9160000
SD      45.48137  4.604168  0.9796626
Median  48.80000 13.500000  1.7000000
Min      8.70000  4.000000  0.6000000
Max    241.80000 19.000000  5.0000000
N       50.00000 50.000000 50.0000000

或者您可以使用内置函数 basicStats来自 fBasics 包以获得更详细的摘要:

> library(fBasics)
> basicStats(df[, ind])
               Distance        Age    Height
nobs          50.000000  50.000000 50.000000
NAs            0.000000   0.000000  0.000000
Minimum        8.700000   4.000000  0.600000
Maximum      241.800000  19.000000  5.000000
1. Quartile   28.300000   7.000000  1.125000
3. Quartile   74.675000  15.750000  2.475000
Mean          58.672000  11.840000  1.916000
Median        48.800000  13.500000  1.700000
Sum         2933.600000 592.000000 95.800000
SE Mean        6.432037   0.651128  0.138545
LCL Mean      45.746337  10.531510  1.637583
UCL Mean      71.597663  13.148490  2.194417
Variance    2068.555118  21.198367  0.959739
Stdev         45.481371   4.604168  0.979663
Skewness       1.711028  -0.158853  0.905415
Kurtosis       3.753948  -1.574527  0.578684