R - 三元函数的矢量化实现

Question

我有三个向量 X , Y和 Z等长n .我需要创建一个 n x n x n函数数组 f(X[i],Y[j],Z[k]) .执行此操作的直接方法是依次循环遍历 3 个向量中的每一个的每个元素。然而，计算数组所需的时间随着 n 呈指数增长。 .有没有办法使用矢量化操作来实现这一点？

编辑:正如评论中提到的，我添加了一个简单的例子来说明需要什么。

set.seed(1)
X = rnorm(10)
Y = seq(11,20)
Z = seq(21,30)

F = array(0, dim=c( length(X),length(Y),length(Z) ) )
for (i in 1:length(X))
  for (j in 1:length(Y))
    for (k in 1:length(Z))
      F[i,j,k] = X[i] * (Y[j] + Z[k])

谢谢。

Answer 1

您可以使用嵌套 outer :

set.seed(1)
X = rnorm(10)
Y = seq(11,20)
Z = seq(21,30)

F = array(0, dim = c( length(X),length(Y),length(Z) ) )
for (i in 1:length(X))
  for (j in 1:length(Y))
    for (k in 1:length(Z))
      F[i,j,k] = X[i] * (Y[j] + Z[k])

F2 <- outer(X, outer(Y, Z, "+"), "*")

> identical(F, F2)
[1] TRUE

一个微基准测试，包括 expand.grid Nick K 提出的解决方案:

X = rnorm(100)
Y = seq(1:100)
Z = seq(101:200)

forLoop <- function(X, Y, Z) {
  F = array(0, dim = c( length(X),length(Y),length(Z) ) )
  for (i in 1:length(X))
    for (j in 1:length(Y))
      for (k in 1:length(Z))
        F[i,j,k] = X[i] * (Y[j] + Z[k])
  return(F)
}

nestedOuter <- function(X, Y, Z) {
  outer(X, outer(Y, Z, "+"), "*")
}

expandGrid <- function(X, Y, Z) {
  df <- expand.grid(X = X, Y = Y, Z = Z)
  G <- df$X * (df$Y + df$Z)
  dim(G) <- c(length(X), length(Y), length(Z))
  return(G)
}

library(microbenchmark)
mbm <- microbenchmark(
  forLoop = F1 <- forLoop(X, Y, Z), 
  nestedOuter = F2 <- nestedOuter(X, Y, Z), 
  expandGrid = F3 <- expandGrid(X, Y, Z), 
  times = 50L)

> mbm
Unit: milliseconds
expr         min         lq        mean      median          uq        max neval
forLoop 3261.872552 3339.37383 3458.812265 3388.721159 3524.651971 4074.40422    50
nestedOuter    3.293461    3.36810    9.874336    3.541637    5.126789   54.24087    50
expandGrid   53.907789   57.15647   85.612048   88.286431  103.516819  235.45443    50