pip - 在 Google Colaboratory 上安装 tensorflow 显示依赖问题

Question

Collecting tensorflow
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/97/ae/0b08f53498417914f2274cc3b5576d2b83179b0cbb209457d0fde0152174/tensorflow-2.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (320.4MB)
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Collecting protobuf>=3.9.2
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Collecting google-pasta>=0.1.8
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Collecting absl-py>=0.7.0
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Collecting termcolor>=1.1.0
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Collecting scipy==1.4.1
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Collecting grpcio>=1.8.6
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Collecting h5py<2.11.0,>=2.10.0
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Collecting tensorboard<3,>=2.3.0
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Collecting wrapt>=1.11.1
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Collecting opt-einsum>=2.3.2
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/19/404708a7e54ad2798907210462fd950c3442ea51acc8790f3da48d2bee8b/opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65kB)
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Collecting tensorflow-estimator<2.4.0,>=2.3.0
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Collecting astunparse==1.6.3
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Collecting wheel>=0.26
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Collecting gast==0.3.3
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Collecting six>=1.12.0
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Collecting keras-preprocessing<1.2,>=1.1.1
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Collecting numpy<1.19.0,>=1.16.0
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Collecting setuptools
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Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15
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Collecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3
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Collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0
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Collecting requests<3,>=2.21.0
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Collecting markdown>=2.6.8
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Collecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1
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Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1
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Collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4; python_version >= "3.5"
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Collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0
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Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
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Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.2
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Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
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Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
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Collecting importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"
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Collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0
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Collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6
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Collecting zipp>=0.5
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Collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0
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Building wheels for collected packages: absl-py, termcolor, wrapt
  Building wheel for absl-py (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for absl-py: filename=absl_py-0.9.0-cp36-none-any.whl size=121931 sha256=85a9d87c8ec866ac12d5b25049a090ab949857c4d39d4793b368cff06c7e94ac
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/8e/28/49/fad4e7f0b9a1227708cbbee4487ac8558a7334849cb81c813d
  Building wheel for termcolor (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for termcolor: filename=termcolor-1.1.0-cp36-none-any.whl size=4832 sha256=2c15675c61e919a4f30b0b4c575b43abf65cf7b7e671c24e2df484b0fcf669ff
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/7c/06/54/bc84598ba1daf8f970247f550b175aaaee85f68b4b0c5ab2c6
  Building wheel for wrapt (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for wrapt: filename=wrapt-1.12.1-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl size=67489 sha256=75a9a273381441c10d1d2bbe7305c9bb68ce54033a916bea154a55afc4a208c1
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/b1/c2/ed/d62208260edbd3fa7156545c00ef966f45f2063d0a84f8208a
Successfully built absl-py termcolor wrapt
ERROR: kaggle 1.5.6 has requirement urllib3<1.25,>=1.21.1, but you'll have urllib3 1.25.10 which is incompatible.
ERROR: google-colab 1.0.0 has requirement google-auth~=1.17.2, but you'll have google-auth 1.20.1 which is incompatible.
ERROR: google-colab 1.0.0 has requirement requests~=2.23.0, but you'll have requests 2.24.0 which is incompatible.
ERROR: datascience 0.10.6 has requirement folium==0.2.1, but you'll have folium 0.8.3 which is incompatible.
ERROR: albumentations 0.1.12 has requirement imgaug<0.2.7,>=0.2.5, but you'll have imgaug 0.2.9 which is incompatible.
Installing collected packages: six, setuptools, protobuf, google-pasta, absl-py, termcolor, numpy, scipy, grpcio, h5py, werkzeug, wheel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, rsa, cachetools, google-auth, tensorboard-plugin-wit, idna, chardet, certifi, urllib3, requests, zipp, importlib-metadata, markdown, oauthlib, requests-oauthlib, google-auth-oauthlib, tensorboard, wrapt, opt-einsum, tensorflow-estimator, astunparse, gast, keras-preprocessing, tensorflow
Successfully installed absl-py-0.9.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.1.1 certifi-2020.6.20 chardet-3.0.4 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.20.1 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.1 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.31.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 importlib-metadata-1.7.0 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.2.2 numpy-1.18.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.12.4 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.24.0 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.6 scipy-1.4.1 setuptools-49.2.1 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.3.0 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.7.0 tensorflow-2.3.0 tensorflow-estimator-2.3.0 termcolor-1.1.0 urllib3-1.25.10 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.34.2 wrapt-1.12.1 zipp-3.1.0
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 550, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/tmp/pip-target-x6fc9bjj/lib/python/protobuf-3.12.4-py3.6-nspkg.pth' -> '/content/notebooks/protobuf-3.12.4-py3.6-nspkg.pth'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 153, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 505, in run
    options.target_dir, target_temp_dir, options.upgrade
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 563, in _handle_target_dir
    target_item_dir
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 564, in move
    copy_function(src, real_dst)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 263, in copy2
    copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 121, in copyfile
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/content/notebooks/protobuf-3.12.4-py3.6-nspkg.pth'
WARNING: The following packages were previously imported in this runtime:
  [cachetools,certifi,chardet,google,idna,numpy,oauthlib,pyasn1,pyasn1_modules,requests_oauthlib,rsa,six]
You must restart the runtime in order to use newly installed versions.

如您所见，kaggle、google-colab、datascience 和 albentations 都存在依赖性问题。当我尝试手动安装它们时，它们显示出另一个依赖性问题，我变得非常困惑，不知道该怎么办。我认为这可能与 Colab 有关，因为当我尝试在我的计算机中安装 tensorflow 时，它运行良好。我该如何解决这个依赖问题？

Answer 1

Google Colab 通常预装了所有的库。大多数情况下，您不需要安装任何库。如果您发现缺少某些内容，则可以使用以下方法轻松安装它们:!pip install tensorflow==1.2如果要安装系统库，则:!apt-get -qq install -y libfluidsynth1查看语法类似于 Jupyter Notebook