python - 为使用 `python -m zipapp` 创建的独立应用程序导入模块的正确方法是什么？

Question

我有一个模块，我将作为独立应用程序分发。该模块具有以下结构:

$ tree -L 2 ./
./
├── mymodule
│   ├── __main__.py
│   ├── fun.py
└── mymodule.pyz

mymodule/__main__.py包含下一行:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import argparse
import sys
import os.path
from mymodule.fun import Fun

def main():
    sys.stdout.write('main is running')
    Fun().run()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

mymodule/fun.py包含下一行:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

class Fun:
    """FUN"""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        sys.stdout.write("fun")

如果我使用 $ python -m mymodule 运行模块输出是 main is runningfun但是如果我使用 $ python -m zipapp -p "/usr/bin/evn python" mymodule 创建一个独立的应用程序并运行它 $ python mymodule.pyz我有错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "mymodule.pyz/__main__.py", line 6, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mymodule'

import 有什么问题| ?
升级版:
sys.path 输出

$ python -m mymodule
['', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python36.zip', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/Users/igork/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

$ python mymodule.pyz
['mymodule.pyz', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python36.zip', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/Users/igork/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

Answer 1

首先我使用错误的命令运行应用程序，正确的是:

$ python mymodule

要创建单个文件应用程序并运行它，我需要使用:

$ python -m zipapp -p "/usr/bin/evn python" mymodule
$ python mymodule.pyz

要运行单元测试，我需要使用:

$ python -m unittest

但是单元测试由于错误而失败:

======================================================================                                                          
ERROR: test_fun (unittest.loader._FailedTest)                                                                                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------                                                          
ImportError: Failed to import test module: test_fun                                                                             
Traceback (most recent call last):                                                                                              
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 153, in loadTestsFromName                    
    module = __import__(module_name)                                                                                            
  File "/Users/igork/developer/github/python/testzipapp/tests/test_fun.py", line 2, in <module>                                 
    from mymodule.fun import Fun                                                                                                
  File "/Users/igork/developer/github/python/testzipapp/mymodule/fun.py", line 8, in <module>                                   
    from bar import Bar                                                                                                         
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bar'                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------                                                          
Ran 1 test in 0.000s                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
FAILED (errors=1)                                                                                                               

为了修复错误，我在 tests/__init__.py 中添加了下一行文件:

import sys                    
sys.path.append('mymodule')   

总结 :
我使用的项目结构是:

testzipapp $ tree -L 2             
.                                             
├── create-pyz.sh                              
├── mymodule                                  
│   ├── __main__.py                            
│   ├── bar.py                                
│   ├── fun.py                                
├── mymodule.pyz                              
└── tests                                     
    ├── __init__.py                           
    ├── test_fun.py                           
   

文件 tests/test_fun.py是:

import unittest                                                 
from mymodule.fun import Fun                                    
                                                                
                                                                
class TestFunImports(unittest.TestCase):                        
    def test_fun_run(self):                                     
        s = Fun()                                               
        s.run()                                                 
        self.assertEqual(2+2,4)                                 
                                                                

文件 mymodule/__main__.py 是:

#!/usr/bin/env python                                                      
                                                                           
import sys                                                                                                                            
from fun import Fun                                                        
                                                                           
def main():                                                                
    sys.stdout.write('main is running ')                                   
    Fun().run()                                                            
                                                                           
if __name__ == '__main__':                                                 
    main()