java - 如何在 Spring Boot 应用程序中为 @Scheduled cron 作业编写集成测试？

Question

我有一个 cronjob 应用程序类
过期OIrderJob.java

@Service
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ExpireOrdersJob {
  private final ExpireOrderProperties expireOrderProperties;
  private final ExpireOrderUseCase expireOrderUseCase;

  @Scheduled(cron = "${worker.cron.expire-order.cron-time-pattern}")
  public void process() {
    expireOrderUseCase.expire(expireOrderProperties.getExpireTimeInMinutes());
  }
}

我为上述类创建了一个集成测试，例如
ExpireOrderJobIT.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@SpringJUnitConfig(SchedulingConfig.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ExpireOrderConfig.class})
@TestPropertySource(properties = "worker.cron.expire-order.cron-time-pattern=* * * * * *")
public class ExpireOrderJobIT {
  @Autowired
  private ExpireOrdersJob expireOrdersJob;

  @SneakyThrows
  @Test
  public void scheduleRunExpireJob() {
    Thread.sleep(1000L);
    expireOrdersJob.process();
  }
}

当我在生产环境中运行应用程序时，我希望我的测试可以覆盖所有的类和函数关系，所以我不会使用 Mockito @SpyBean，例如 https://www.baeldung.com/spring-testing-scheduled-annotation .
它不能覆盖我的服务，用例......请帮忙
我的测试 throw 错误

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'net.vinid.ecom.order.worker.cron.ExpireOrdersJob' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1790)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1346)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1300)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:657)
    ... 30 more

Answer 1

你的单元测试很困惑，你有这三个注释:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@SpringJUnitConfig(SchedulingConfig.class)

它们之间不兼容，因为它们几乎相同，只有一个就足够了。这个其他注释 @ContextConfiguration(classes = {ExpireOrderConfig.class})指定要使用的spring上下文，目前你只有 ExpireOrderConfig类，并根据您的错误消息看起来像 ExpireOrdersJob没有在那里初始化。我不知道您的完整应用程序上下文，因此我会建议一个暂定的解决方案，尽管我可能缺少上下文中的类。

@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {ExpireOrdersJob.class, ExpireOrderUseCase.class, ExpireOrderProperties.class, SchedulingConfig.class, ExpireOrderConfig.class})
@TestPropertySource(properties = "cron.rate=1000") //How often you expect your job to run, you can place your cron here.
class ExpireOrdersJobIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    ExpireOrdersJob expireOrdersJob;
    @Autowired
    ExpireOrderUseCase expireOrderUseCase;

    @Test
    void givenExpirationInMinutes_thenExpireOrderUseCaseIsCalledOnceIn1Second() {
        //Based on the rate I set, I expect it to be called in 1s at most.
        await()
            .atMost(Duration.ONE_SECOND)
            .untilAsserted(() -> assertThat(expireOrderUseCase.getExpireCount().get()).isEqualTo(1L));
    }
}

我在 @ContextConfiguration 中添加了我认为您需要用于此测试的类，但是可能缺少某些类或某些类是不必要的(例如，如果在 ExpireOrderConfig 中初始化了另一个 bean)。
此外，正如您所看到的，我的断言正在检查 getExpireCount() , 我在方法 expire 中添加了这个计数器只是为了查看我的方法被调用了多少次，但是考虑到您正在编写集成测试，您应该替换此断言以替换您希望验证的副作用(例如数据库更改、状态更改、休息调用，取决于你的逻辑。)