ruby-on-rails - Rspec 让变量产生奇怪的结果

Question

我对 RSpec 有一个奇怪的问题，我不太明白。

这是我的port_stock_spec.rb文件:

# == Schema Information
#
# Table name: port_stocks
#
#  id                :bigint(8)        not null, primary key
#  portfolio_id      :integer
#  stock_id          :integer
#  volume            :integer
#  transaction_price :float
#  current_price     :float
#  percent_change    :float
#  created_at        :datetime         not null
#  updated_at        :datetime         not null
#  current_value     :float
#  dollar_change     :float
#  total_spend       :float
#  transaction_date  :datetime
#  action            :integer
#  position          :integer          default("open")
#  ticker            :string
#  slug              :string
#

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe PortStock, type: :model do
  let(:stock) { create(:stock, price: 10.00) }
  let(:portfolio) { create(:portfolio) }
  let(:port_stock_1) { create(:port_stock, stock: stock, portfolio: portfolio, transaction_price: stock.price, action: :buy, volume: 100) }

  context "associations" do
    it { should belong_to(:portfolio) }
    it { should belong_to (:stock) }
  end

  context "methods" do
    it "should accurately calculate the positive percent_change of the current PortStock" do
      port_stock_1.current_price = 20.00
      expect(port_stock_1.calculate_percent_change).to eql 100.00
    end

    it "should accurately calculate the negative percent_change of the current PortStock" do
      port_stock_1.current_price = 5.00
      expect(port_stock_1.calculate_percent_change).to eql(-50.00)
    end

    it "should accurately calculate the negative dollar_change of the current PortStock" do
      port_stock_1.current_price = 5.00
      port_stock_1.volume = 1000
      expect(port_stock_1.calculate_dollar_change).to eql (-5000.00)
    end

    # more specs that may or may no interact with the let variables.            

    it "should accurately calculate the portfolio's initial_dollar_value" do
      expect(portfolio.initial_dollar_value).to eql 1000.00
    end

结尾

然后我的 portfolio.rb 上有以下方法模型:

  def calculate_portfolio_initial_dollar_value
    if self.portfolio.initial_dollar_value.nil?
      self.portfolio.initial_dollar_value = 0.0
    end
    self.portfolio.initial_dollar_value += (self.transaction_price * self.volume)
    self.portfolio.save!
  end

当我运行我的测试套件时，最后一个测试一直失败，但它不应该:

Failures:

  1) PortStock methods should accurately calculate the portfolio's initial_dollar_value
     Failure/Error: expect(portfolio.initial_dollar_value).to eql 1000.00

       expected: 1000.0
            got: 798229.0

       (compared using eql?)
     # ./spec/models/port_stock_spec.rb:77:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 5.05 seconds (files took 3.68 seconds to load)
29 examples, 1 failure, 19 pending

所以我放了一个 binding.pry在 it 内最后几个测试的 block 以及当我检查 portfolio.initial_dollar_value 时它反复更改值。

[1] pry(#<RSpec::ExampleGroups::PortStock::Methods>)> portfolio
=> #<Portfolio:0x00007fcdc5c5db28
 id: 14,
 user_id: 7,
 current_dollar_value: 2864770.0,
 percent_change: 75.02,
 created_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:24 UTC +00:00,
 updated_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:24 UTC +00:00,
 num_winners: 2,
 num_losers: 7,
 initial_dollar_value: 860679.0,
 dollar_change: 92865.0>
[2] pry(#<RSpec::ExampleGroups::PortStock::Methods>)> port_stock_1.portfolio
=> #<Portfolio:0x00007fcdc5c5db28
 id: 14,
 user_id: 7,
 current_dollar_value: 150.0,
 percent_change: -85.0,
 created_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:24 UTC +00:00,
 updated_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:42 UTC +00:00,
 num_winners: 0,
 num_losers: 1,
 initial_dollar_value: 1000.0,
 dollar_change: -850.0>
[3] pry(#<RSpec::ExampleGroups::PortStock::Methods>)> portfolio
=> #<Portfolio:0x00007fcdc5c5db28
 id: 14,
 user_id: 7,
 current_dollar_value: 150.0,
 percent_change: -85.0,
 created_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:24 UTC +00:00,
 updated_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:42 UTC +00:00,
 num_winners: 0,
 num_losers: 1,
 initial_dollar_value: 1000.0,
 dollar_change: -850.0>
[4] pry(#<RSpec::ExampleGroups::PortStock::Methods>)> portfolio
=> #<Portfolio:0x00007fcdc5c5db28
 id: 14,
 user_id: 7,
 current_dollar_value: 150.0,
 percent_change: -85.0,
 created_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:24 UTC +00:00,
 updated_at: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 00:36:42 UTC +00:00,
 num_winners: 0,
 num_losers: 1,
 initial_dollar_value: 1000.0,
 dollar_change: -850.0>
[5] pry(#<RSpec::ExampleGroups::PortStock::Methods>)> 

我不明白为什么。

想法？

编辑 1

这是 portfolio.rb工厂:

FactoryBot.define do
  factory :portfolio do
    user
    current_dollar_value { Faker::Number.number(7) }
    percent_change { Faker::Number.decimal(2) }
    num_winners { Faker::Number.number(1) }
    num_losers { Faker::Number.number(1) }
    initial_dollar_value { Faker::Number.number(6) }
    dollar_change { Faker::Number.number(5) }
  end
end

编辑 2

我的 port_stock.rb 上有一个回调触发与 portfolio_initial_dollar_value 相关的方法的模型:

after_save :calculate_portfolio_initial_dollar_value

还有其他影响投资组合其他方面的回调:

  after_save :update_portfolio_current_dollar_value
  after_save :update_portfolio_initial_dollar_value, if: (:total_spend_previously_changed? || :volume_previously_changed?)

  def update_portfolio_current_dollar_value
    self.portfolio.current_dollar_value = self.portfolio.port_stocks.open.map(&:current_value).sum
    self.portfolio.save!
  end

  def update_portfolio_initial_dollar_value
    self.portfolio.initial_dollar_value = self.portfolio.port_stocks.open.map { |ps| ps.volume * ps.transaction_price }.sum
    self.portfolio.save!
  end

编辑 3

对于模型( port_stock.rb )和规范( port_stock_spec.rb )文件的完整版本，请查看 out this gist .我不想用那个完整的转储污染 SO。

Answer 1

正如@grzekos 指出的那样，在执行 stock 测试期间，您永远不会调用 port_stock_1 或 it "should accurately calculate the portfolio's initial_dollar_value" 。

为什么？因为您使用 let 来设置/创建测试对象。
如果您想始终设置/创建 stock 、 portfolio 和 port_stock_1 ，您可以使用 let! ( RSpec documentation ) 或使用 before block ，如下所示:

let(:stock) { create(:stock, price: 10.00) }
let(:portfolio) { create(:portfolio) }
let(:port_stock_1) { create(:port_stock, stock: stock, portfolio: portfolio, transaction_price: stock.price, action: :buy, volume: 100) }

before do
  stock
  portfolio
  port_stock_1
end

为什么在使用 pry 进行调试时会看到不同的数字？

在您的第一个测试中，您调用了使用 FactoryBot 创建的 portfolio 对象。工厂通过 initial_dollar_value 为 Faker::Number.number(6) 属性分配了一个随机的 6 位数字。

在您的第二个测试中，您调用了 port_stock_1.portfolio 。现在对 let(:port_stock_1) block 进行评估。这将创建一个 PortStock 对象，该对象在其 after_save 方法中更新 initial_dollar_value 的 portfolio 。
portfolio 或 port_stock_1.portfolio 的所有子序列调用不再更改 initial_dollar_value 的值。