spring - 尝试使用休眠适配器设置 spring 和 jpa 时出现 Autowiring 异常

Question

我正在尝试使用 Spring MVC 和 JPA 制作一个项目，但是当我尝试启动应用程序时遇到问题 - 有一个看起来像这样的异常(每行几行):
异常(exception)

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet appServlet threw exception
org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)

根本原因

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping#0': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'homeController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.lovemyway.itlovers.persistence.JpaUserDao com.lovemyway.itlovers.controllers.HomeController.jpaUserDao; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can not set com.lovemyway.itlovers.persistence.JpaUserDao field com.lovemyway.itlovers.controllers.HomeController.jpaUserDao to $Proxy33
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:527)

我的代码如下所示:
JpaUserDao.java

package com.lovemyway.itlovers.persistence;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.lovemyway.itlovers.domain.User;

@Repository("jpaUserDao")
@Transactional
public class JpaUserDao implements UserDao {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;

public void addUser(User user) {
    em.persist(user);
}

public void removeUser(User user) {
    em.remove(user);
}

public User findUserById(int id) {
    return em.find(User.class, id);
}
}

servlet-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

<!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure -->

<!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />

<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
<beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
    <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</beans:bean>

<context:component-scan base-package="com.lovemyway.itlovers" />

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

<beans:bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter" />
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="ITlovers"/>
</beans:bean>

<beans:bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itlovers" />
    <property name="username" value="root" />
    <property name="password" value="root" />
    <property name="initialSize" value="5" />
    <property name="maxActive" value="10" />
</beans:bean>

<beans:bean id="jpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
    <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
    <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
    <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
    <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect" />
</beans:bean>

<beans:bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</beans:bean>

<beans:bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<beans:bean class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />
</beans>

Controller 导致异常:

家庭 Controller .java

package com.lovemyway.itlovers.controllers;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.lovemyway.itlovers.domain.Rank;
import com.lovemyway.itlovers.domain.User;
import com.lovemyway.itlovers.persistence.JpaUserDao;

/**
 * Handles requests for the application home page.
 */
@Controller
public class HomeController {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class);
@Autowired
private JpaUserDao jpaUserDao;

/**
 * Simply selects the home view to render by returning its name.
 */
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String home(Locale locale, Model model) {
    logger.info("Welcome home! the client locale is "+ locale.toString());
    Date date = new Date();
    DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, locale);

    String formattedDate = dateFormat.format(date);

    Rank r = new Rank();
    r.setColor("aa");
    r.setDescription("a4aa");
    r.setName("ranga");

    User u = new User();
    u.setActive(true);
    u.setAdmin(true);
    u.setUsername("szaku2");
    u.setEmail("aaa");
    u.setPassword("aaa");
    u.setRegistrationDate(date);
    u.setLastLoginDate(date);
    u.setRank(r);
    jpaUserDao.addUser(u);
    jpaUserDao.findUserById(2);
    model.addAttribute("serverTime", formattedDate);

    return "home";
}
}

我究竟做错了什么？我对太多的 xml 文件感到困惑。如果我使用新的构造函数实例化 jpaUserDao(我想我用 @Repository 对其进行了注释以不这样做)我得到 NullPointerException。

问候，
马尔钦

Answer 1

您应该使用接口(interface)声明字段，而不是实现类:

@Autowired 
private UserDao userDao; 

除了这是一个很好的设计实践之外，在您的情况下，不这样做不允许 Spring 注入(inject) interface-based proxy进入那个领域。
JpaUserDao 的基于接口(interface)的代理是为了提供 @Repository 所需的行为而创建的。和 @Transactional .