exception - 如何在 Haskell 中使用 testpack 中的 assertRaises？

Question

我正在学习 Haskell，我想做 TDD。
我正在尝试测试函数是否引发预期异常。
我正在使用 HUnit 和 testpack .

testpack 提供了一个 assertRaises 函数，但我无法编译我的代码 :(

这是我的源代码:

module Main where
import Test.HUnit
import Test.HUnit.Tools
import Control.Exception

foo n   | n > 2 = throw ( IndexOutOfBounds ( "Index out of bounds : " ++ ( show n ) ) )
foo n | otherwise = n

testException = TestCase( assertRaises "throw exception" ( IndexOutOfBounds "Index out of bounds : 4" ) ( foo 4 ) )

main = runTestTT ( TestList [ testException ] )

当我用 ghc 编译它时，我收到以下错误消息:

test_exceptions.hs:10:107:
    No instance for (Ord (IO a0))
      arising from a use of `foo'
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Ord (IO a0))
    In the third argument of `assertRaises', namely `(foo 4)'
    In the first argument of `TestCase', namely
      `(assertRaises
          "throw exception"
          (IndexOutOfBounds "Index out of bounds : 4")
          (foo 4))'
    In the expression:
      TestCase
        (assertRaises
           "throw exception"
           (IndexOutOfBounds "Index out of bounds : 4")
           (foo 4))

test_exceptions.hs:10:111:
    No instance for (Num (IO a0))
      arising from the literal `4'
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Num (IO a0))
    In the first argument of `foo', namely `4'
    In the third argument of `assertRaises', namely `(foo 4)'
    In the first argument of `TestCase', namely
      `(assertRaises
          "throw exception"
          (IndexOutOfBounds "Index out of bounds : 4")
          (foo 4))'

怎么了 ？

Answer 1

assertRaises期望它的第三个参数是 IO 操作(类型为 IO a)，但返回类型来自 foo是一个数字(类型为 (Num a, Ord a) => a )，而不是 IO 操作。

尝试更换 (foo 4)与 (evaluate (foo 4)) .