spring - 尝试创建测试时注入(inject) Autowiring 的依赖项失败

Question

我正在尝试创建 junit测试存储库，我得到了这个很好的异常(exception)。

完全异常(exception):

    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.RepositoryJDBCTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.RepositoryJDBCTest.testRepository; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.RepositoryJDBCTest.testRepository; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:502)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:282)
    ... 27 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:920)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:789)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:474)
... 29 more

我有@Repository

@Repository
public class RepositoryJDBC implements RepositoryInterface {

我有 applicationContext-test.xml 设置:

<context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.web" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl" />
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <jee:jndi-lookup id="testDataSource" jndi-name="jdbc/newHireDS" />

    <!-- 
        Setup Repositories
    --> 
    <bean id="repositoryJDBC"
          class="gov.mt.dphhs.sdnh.core.domain.impl.RepositoryJDBC"/>

这是实际的junit测试:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:/applicationContext-test.xml" })
public class RepositoryJDBCTest {

    @Autowired RepositoryJDBC testRepository;


    private Employee testEmployee;
    private Employer testEmployer;
    private List<Employee> employeeList;
    private DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
        // jndi connection information removed
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindEmployee() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Find Employee test: ");
        /* Start the Test */
        /* Get the test employee and check that the Employee object is created */
        testEmployee = testRepository.findEmployee(123940); // (Integer)

        assertNotNull(testEmployee);

        System.out.println("\t found this employee: " + testEmployee.toString());
    }

Answer 1

注入(inject)接口(interface)而不是具体类:

@Autowired RepositoryInterface testRepository;

它会起作用，因为一旦你申请 @Repository注释，Spring 包装了你原来的 RepositoryJDBC带代理的类。默认情况下，该代理实现了具体类已经实现的所有接口(interface)——但不扩展该类。