java - ECB 模式下的 RSA 加密

Question

我的代码有问题。

我想做的是使用 ECB 模式加密文件(意思是，加密文本 block 而不链接到下一个 block )。

它有时能完美运行，但有时却不能。当它加密 128 字节的数据并写入 129 字节时，问题就来了。在它第一次这样做之前它会完美地工作，但随后解密将被关闭一个字节，并且会把一切都搞砸。我知道这个是因为当它出错时，你可以看到 cipher(在第 88 行，一个字节数组)的长度是 129，而不是 128，然后它被写入文件。

这是我的意思的一个例子:加密:测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试

输出:测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试testtest(500字节的杂乱数据)

我附上了我的全部代码；为了快速运行，我启用了解密以在加密后立即生成标准输出。

所以只需运行:-k key (将生成 key.public 和 key.private)-e key.public -i input -o output(将加密一些文件输入并将其存储在输出中，读取该文件，解密，发送到标准输出)。

如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激!

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class RSA {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList(args);
        if(list.contains("-h")) {
            System.out.println("Usage:");
            System.out.println("RSA -h - View command-line arguments.");
            System.out.println("RSA -k <key file> -b <bit size> - Generate public/private keyfiles of size <bit size>.");
            System.out.println("RSA -e <key file>.public -i <input file> -o <output file> - Encrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
            System.out.println("RSA -d <key file>.private -i <input file> -o <output file> - Decrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
        } else if (list.contains("-k")) {
            String key_file = "";
            try {
                key_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-k") + 1);
                if(key_file.equals("-b")) {
                    System.out.println("Usage:");
                    System.out.println("RSA -k <key file> -b <bit size> - Generate public/private keyfiles of size <bit size>.");
                    System.exit(1);
                }
            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                System.out.println("Usage:");
                System.out.println("RSA -k <key file> -b <bit size> - Generate public/private keyfiles of size <bit size>.");
                System.exit(1);
            }
            int bit_size = 0;
            if(!list.contains("-b")) {
                bit_size = 1024;
            } else {
                try {
                    bit_size = Integer.parseInt(list.get(list.indexOf("-b") + 1));
                } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                    System.out.println("Usage:");
                    System.out.println("RSA -k <key file> -b <bit size> - Generate public/private keyfiles of size <bit size>.");
                    System.exit(1);
                }
            }

            generate_key(bit_size, key_file);

        } else if (list.contains("-e")) {
            //get input file and output file
            String input_file = "";
            String key_file = "";
            String output_file = "";
            try {
                input_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-i") + 1);
                output_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-o") + 1);
                key_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-e") + 1);
            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                System.out.println("Usage:");
                System.out.println("RSA -e <key file>.public -i <input file> -o <output file> - Encrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
                System.exit(1);
            }

            String public_key = read_file(key_file);
            String private_key = read_file("key.private");

            BigInteger public_modulus = new BigInteger(public_key.substring(1, public_key.indexOf(',')));
            BigInteger public_exponent = new BigInteger(public_key.substring(public_key.indexOf(',') + 1, public_key.length() - 1));

            byte[] file = read_bytes(input_file);
            byte[] cipher = new byte[128];
            byte[] decrypted = new byte[128];

            BigInteger d = new BigInteger(private_key.substring(1, private_key.indexOf(',')));
            BigInteger modulus = new BigInteger(private_key.substring(private_key.indexOf(',') + 1, private_key.length() - 1));

            write_file(output_file, "", false);
            int index = 0;
            while (index<file.length) {
                byte[] block = Arrays.copyOfRange(file, index, index+128);
                cipher = new BigInteger(block).modPow(public_exponent, public_modulus).toByteArray();
                append_bytes(output_file, cipher);
                index+=128;
            }

            byte[] encrypted = read_bytes(output_file);


            index = 0;
            while(index < encrypted.length) {
                byte[] block = Arrays.copyOfRange(encrypted, index, index+256);
                decrypted =  new BigInteger(block).modPow(d, modulus).toByteArray();
                System.out.println(new String(decrypted));
                index+= 256;
            }


        } else if (list.contains("-d")) {
            /*String input_file, output_file, key_file;
            input_file = output_file = key_file = "";

            try {
                input_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-i") + 1);
                output_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-o") + 1);
                key_file = list.get(list.indexOf("-d") + 1);
            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                System.out.println("Usage:");
                System.out.println("RSA -d <key file>.private -i <input file> -o <output file> - Decrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
                System.exit(1);
            }

            String private_key = read_file(key_file).toString();
            BigInteger d = new BigInteger(private_key.substring(1, private_key.indexOf(',')));
            BigInteger modulus = new BigInteger(private_key.substring(private_key.indexOf(',') + 1, private_key.length() - 1));

            byte[] encrypted = null;
            /* todo */

        } else {
            System.out.println("Usage:");
            System.out.println("RSA -h - View command-line arguments.");
            System.out.println("RSA -k <key file> -b <bit size> - Generate public/private keyfiles of size <bit size>.");
            System.out.println("RSA -e <key file>.public -i <input file> -o <output file> - Encrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
            System.out.println("RSA -d <key file>.private -i <input file> -o <output file> - Decrypt <input file> with key <key file>, store in <output file>.");
        }
    }

    private static void generate_key(int bit_size, String key_file) {
        BigInteger p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bit_size, new Random());
        BigInteger q = BigInteger.probablePrime(bit_size, new Random());

        BigInteger one = new BigInteger("1");
        BigInteger phi = new BigInteger("1");
        BigInteger e = new BigInteger("65537");

        boolean done = false;

        while(!done) {
            BigInteger temp = p.subtract(one);
            BigInteger temp2 = q.subtract(one);
            phi = (temp.multiply(temp2));
            if(phi.gcd(e).equals(one)) {
                done = true;
            } else {
                e = BigInteger.probablePrime(bit_size, new Random());
            }
        }

        BigInteger public_modulus = p.multiply(q);
        BigInteger public_exponent = e;
        BigInteger private_key = public_exponent.modInverse(phi); //d

        try {
            write_file(key_file + ".public", "(" + public_modulus + "," + e + ")", false);
            write_file(key_file + ".private", "(" + private_key.toString() + "," + public_modulus + ")", false);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("Error creating key files.");
            System.exit(1);
        }

    }


    public static void write_bytes(String file_name, byte[] bytes) {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(file_name));
            fos.write(bytes);
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Error writing bytes to file.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static String read_file(String file_name) {
        boolean is_key = false;
        if(file_name.contains(".public") || file_name.contains(".private"))
            is_key = true;

        Scanner sc = null;
        try {
            sc = new Scanner (new File(file_name));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("Input file does not exist.");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder("");
        while (sc.hasNext ()) {
           buf.append (sc.nextLine());
           if(!is_key)
               buf.append("\n");
        }
        sc.close();
        return buf.toString();
    }

    public static byte[] read_bytes(String file_name) {
        Path path = Paths.get(file_name);
        byte[] encrypted = null;
        try {
            encrypted = Files.readAllBytes(path);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Error reading bytes from " + file_name);
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return encrypted;
    }
    public static void append_bytes(String file_name, byte[] bytes) {
        try {
            OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file_name, true);
            fos.write(bytes);
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("Error appending bytes to file.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public static void write_file(String file_name, String message, boolean append) {
        try {
            FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter(file_name, append);
            BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream);
            out.write(message);
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("Error writing to file.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

ECB 是一个 block cipher mode of operation . RSA是 public key encryption scheme , 不是 block cipher .

一般来说，it doesn't make sense to encrypt long messages directly with RSA .相反，您会使用 hybrid encryption :为对称密码选择一个随 secret 钥，如 AES ，用对称密码加密消息，然后用RSA加密对称 key 。

此外，请记住使用适当的填充方案，例如 OAEP使用 RSA 加密 key 时；未填充的“教科书 RSA”不安全。 (或者使用不需要填充的 RSA-KEM 之类的方案。)也不要对 AES 使用 ECB 模式；使用语义安全模式，如 CBC 或 CTR，或者更好的是，authenticated encryption模式。