apache-spark - 标准化 Spark DataFrame 中多列的值，仅使用 DataFrame API

Question

我试图通过减去均值并除以每列的标准差来规范化 Spark 数据帧中多列的值。这是我到目前为止的代码:

from pyspark.sql import Row
from pyspark.sql.functions import stddev_pop, avg

df = spark.createDataFrame([Row(A=1, B=6), Row(A=2, B=7), Row(A=3, B=8),
                            Row(A=4, B=9), Row(A=5, B=10)])

exprs = [x - (avg(x)) / stddev_pop(x) for x in df.columns]    
df.select(exprs).show() 

这给了我结果:

+------------------------------+------------------------------+
|(A - (avg(A) / stddev_pop(A)))|(B - (avg(B) / stddev_pop(B)))|
+------------------------------+------------------------------+
|                          null|                          null|
+------------------------------+------------------------------+

我希望的地方:

+------------------------------+------------------------------+
|(A - (avg(A) / stddev_pop(A)))|(B - (avg(B) / stddev_pop(B)))|
+------------------------------+------------------------------+
|                  -1.414213562|                  -1.414213562|
|                  -0.707106781|                  -0.707106781|
|                             0|                             0|
|                   0.707106781|                   0.707106781|
|                   1.414213562|                   1.414213562|
+------------------------------+------------------------------+

我相信我可以用 StandardScaler 做到这一点来自 mllib 的类，但如果可能的话，我更愿意只使用数据帧 API 来做到这一点 - 如果只是作为学习练习。

Answer 1

感谢回答 here ，我想出了这个:

from pyspark.sql.functions import stddev_pop, avg, broadcast

cols = df.columns    
stats = (df.groupBy().agg(
        *([stddev_pop(x).alias(x + '_stddev') for x in cols] + 
          [avg(x).alias(x + '_avg') for x in cols])))

df = df.join(broadcast(stats))

exprs = [(df[x] - df[x + '_avg']) / df[x + '_stddev'] for x in cols]
df.select(exprs).show()

+------------------------+------------------------+
|((A - A_avg) / A_stddev)|((B - B_avg) / B_stddev)|
+------------------------+------------------------+
|      -1.414213562373095|      -1.414213562373095|
|     -0.7071067811865475|     -0.7071067811865475|
|                     0.0|                     0.0|
|      0.7071067811865475|      0.7071067811865475|
|       1.414213562373095|       1.414213562373095|
+------------------------+------------------------+