c - 从 8 位到 32 位的位复制

Question

我正在尝试将 8 位值复制到 32 位，并想询问是否可以编写单行算法来复制位值。

例如:

1100 1011 -> 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111 0000 1111 1111

如果可能的话，我想了解它背后的逻辑是什么。

Answer 1

很简单 - 解决最简单的情况，然后做更复杂的情况。
情况 1:将 1 位复制为 4 位值(最简单)。

+---+---------+
| 0 | _ _ _ A |
+---+---------+
| 1 | A A A A |
+---+---------+

这可以通过一组简单的转变来完成:

x = (x << 0) | (x << 1) | (x << 2) | (x << 3);

或者以一种不太明显但更快的方式:

x = (x << 4) - x;

此步骤将是以下所有情况的最后一步。
情况 2:将 2 位复制为 8 位值。

+---+---------+---------+
| 0 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ A B |
+---+---------+---------+
| 1 | _ _ _ A | _ _ _ B |
+---+---------+---------+
| 2 | A A A A | B B B B |
+---+---------+---------+

情况 3:将 4 位复制为 16 位值。如何？只需将2位移动到上部即可将其变成案例1!分而治之!

+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | A B C D |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 1 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ A B | _ _ _ _ | _ _ C D |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 2 | _ _ _ A | _ _ _ B | _ _ _ C | _ _ _ D |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 3 | A A A A | B B B B | C C C C | D D D D |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+

情况 4:将 8 位复制为 32 位值(原始值)。

+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | A B C D | E F G H |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 1 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | A B C D | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | _ _ _ _ | E F G H |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 2 | _ _ _ _ | _ _ A B | _ _ _ _ | _ _ C D | _ _ _ _ | _ _ E F | _ _ _ _ | _ _ G H |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 3 | _ _ _ A | _ _ _ B | _ _ _ C | _ _ _ D | _ _ _ E | _ _ _ F | _ _ _ G | _ _ _ H |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 4 | A A A A | B B B B | C C C C | D D D D | E E E E | F F F F | G G G G | H H H H |
+---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

可以通过下面的代码实现:

uint32_t interleave(uint8_t value)
{
    uint32_t x = value;
    x = (x | (x << 12)) /* & 0x000F000F */; // GCC is not able to remove redundant & here
    x = (x | (x <<  6)) & 0x03030303;
    x = (x | (x <<  3)) & 0x11111111;
    x = (x << 4) - x;
    return x;
}

一些测试用例来检查它是否有效:

TEST_F(test, interleave)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x00), 0x00000000);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x11), 0x000F000F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x22), 0x00F000F0);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x33), 0x00FF00FF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x44), 0x0F000F00);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x55), 0x0F0F0F0F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x66), 0x0FF00FF0);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x77), 0x0FFF0FFF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x88), 0xF000F000);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x99), 0xF00FF00F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xAA), 0xF0F0F0F0);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xBB), 0xF0FFF0FF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xCC), 0xFF00FF00);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xDD), 0xFF0FFF0F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xEE), 0xFFF0FFF0);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xFF), 0xFFFFFFFF);

    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x01), 0x0000000F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x23), 0x00F000FF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x45), 0x0F000F0F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x67), 0x0FF00FFF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0x89), 0xF000F00F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xAB), 0xF0F0F0FF);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xCD), 0xFF00FF0F);
    EXPECT_EQ(interleave(0xEF), 0xFFF0FFFF);
}