python - 如何使实体在pygame中因颜色碰撞而受到伤害？

Question

如何让实体受到带有颜色的伤害？我制作了一款敌人发射蓝色激光的游戏，我希望玩家受到伤害。玩家发射红色激光。在检测颜色时，我希望某个陈述是真实的。这将使一个实体的健康状况降低一个。如果颜色碰撞很重要，那么它对于制作许多不同的游戏非常有用。这是我的代码:

# importing packages
import pygame
import random
import time
import sys

# Initializing Pygame
pygame.init()

# Setting a display caption
pygame.display.set_caption("Space Invaders")

spaceship = pygame.image.load("spaceship2.png")
blue_enemy = pygame.image.load("blue_enemy.png")
green_enemy = pygame.image.load("green_enemy.png")
orange_enemy = pygame.image.load("orange_enemy.png")
pink_enemy = pygame.image.load("pink_enemy.png")
yellow_enemy = pygame.image.load("yellow_enemy.png")

# Creating a font
pygame.font.init()
font = pygame.font.SysFont("consolas", 30)
large_font = pygame.font.SysFont("consolas", 60)
small_font = pygame.font.SysFont("consolas", 20)

# Setting a display width and height and then creating it
display_width = 700
display_height = 500
display_size = [display_width, display_height]
game_display = pygame.display.set_mode(display_size)
intro_display = pygame.display.set_mode(display_size)


# Creating a way to add text to the screen
def message(sentence, color, x, y, font_type, display):
    sentence = font_type.render(str.encode(sentence), True, color)
    display.blit(sentence, [x, y])


def main():
    global white
    global black
    global clock

    # Spaceship coordinates
    spaceship_x = 300
    spaceship_y = 375
    spaceship_x_change = 0
    blue_enemy_health = 5
    green_enemy_health = 5
    orange_enemy_health = 5
    pink_enemy_health = 5
    yellow_enemy_health = 5

    # Clock making

    # Initializing pygame
    pygame.init()

    # Creating colors
    red = (0, 0, 0)
    blue = (0, 0, 255)

    # clock stuff
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    time_elapsed_since_last_action = 0
    time_elapsed_since_last_action2 = 0
    time_elapsed_since_last_action3 = 0

    # Creating a loop to keep program running
    while True:
        laser_rect = pygame.Rect(spaceship_x + 69, 70, 4, 310)
        # --- Event Processing and controls
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    spaceship_x_change = 10
                elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    spaceship_x_change = -10
                elif event.key == pygame.K_r:
                    red = (255, 0, 0)
                elif time_elapsed_since_last_action2 > 250:
                    pygame.draw.rect(game_display, red, laser_rect)
                    time_elapsed_since_last_action2 = 0
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                spaceship_x_change = 0
                red = (0, 0, 0)

        spaceship_x += spaceship_x_change

        # Preventing the ship from going off the screen
        if spaceship_x > display_width - 140:
            spaceship_x -= 10
        if spaceship_x < 1:
            spaceship_x += 10

        # Setting Display color
        game_display.fill(black)

        laser_coords = [70, 209, 348, 505, 630]

        random_x_coord = random.choice(laser_coords)

        dt = clock.tick()

        time_elapsed_since_last_action += dt

        if time_elapsed_since_last_action > 500:
            pygame.draw.rect(game_display, blue, [random_x_coord, 85, 6, 305])
            time_elapsed_since_last_action = 0

        time_elapsed_since_last_action2 += dt

        # Creating a spaceship, lasers, and enemies
        game_display.blit(spaceship, (spaceship_x, spaceship_y))
        message(str(blue_enemy_health), white, 65, 10, font, game_display)
        game_display.blit(blue_enemy, (20, 25))
        message(str(green_enemy_health), white, 203, 10, font, game_display)
        game_display.blit(green_enemy, (160, 25))
        message(str(orange_enemy_health), white, 341, 10, font, game_display)
        game_display.blit(orange_enemy, (300, 25))
        message(str(pink_enemy_health), white, 496, 10, font, game_display)
        game_display.blit(pink_enemy, (440, 25))
        message(str(yellow_enemy_health), white, 623, 10, font, game_display)
        game_display.blit(yellow_enemy, (580, 25))

        health = 10

        message("Spaceship durability: " + str(health), white, 20, 480, small_font, game_display)

        # Updating Screen so changes take places
        pygame.display.update()

        # Setting FPS
        FPS = pygame.time.Clock()
        FPS.tick(60)


black = (0, 0, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)
gray = (100, 100, 100)

while True:
    intro_display.fill(black)
    pygame.event.poll()
    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
    message("Space Bugs", white, 180, 150, large_font, intro_display)
    if 150 + 100 > mouse[0] > 150 and 350 + 50 > mouse[1] > 350:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_display, gray, [150, 350, 100, 50])
        if click[0] == 1:
            break
    else:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_display, white, [150, 350, 100, 50])

    if 450 + 100 > mouse[0] > 450 and 350 + 50 > mouse[1] > 350:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_display, gray, [450, 350, 100, 50])
        if click[0] == 1:
            pygame.quit()
            quit()
    else:
        pygame.draw.rect(game_display, white, [450, 350, 100, 50])

    message("Start", black, 155, 360, font, intro_display)
    message("Quit", black, 465, 360, font, intro_display)

    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
    pygame.display.update()

    # Wrap-up
    # Limit to 60 frames per second
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    clock.tick(60)

# Executing the function
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Answer 1

不，不存在“颜色碰撞”这样的“东西”。图片有什么颜色？它们颜色均匀吗？这些图片很可能只是在某些细节上有所不同。检查统一颜色的碰撞是完全无用的。同样寻找统一颜色的碰撞几乎没有用。

如果你检测到碰撞，你就会知道激光和敌人。因此，您知道代表它们的颜色。您所要做的就是在检测到碰撞后进行额外的检查。

---

使用pygame.sprite.Sprite实现对象。添加一个指示对象颜色的属性:

class ColoredSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, image, color):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center = (x, y)
        slef.color = color 

管理 pygame.sprite.Group 中的恶意行为s 并使用 spritecollide来检测碰撞。检测到碰撞时检查 color 属性

collide_list = sprite.spritecollide(sprite_group, False):
for other_sprite in collide_list:

    if sprite.color == 'red' and other_sprite.color == 'blue':
        # [...] 

    elif sprite.color == 'blue' and other_sprite.color == 'red':
        # [...] 

---

甚至可以实现您自己的碰撞检测方法并将其与 spritecollide 结合使用通过设置可选的碰撞参数:

def color_collision(sprite1, sprite2):
    if sprite1.rect.colliderect(sprite2.rect):
        return ((sprite1.color == 'red' and sprite2.color == 'blue') or
                (sprite1.color == 'blue' and sprite2.color == 'red')) 
    return false

collide_list = sprite.spritecollide(sprite_group, False, color_collision):
for other_sprite in collide_list:
    # [...]

---

最小的例子:

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((250, 250))

sprite1 = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
sprite1.image = pygame.Surface((75, 75))
sprite1.image.fill('red')
sprite1.rect = pygame.Rect(*window.get_rect().center, 0, 0).inflate(75, 75)
sprite1.color = 'red'
sprite2 = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
sprite2.image = pygame.Surface((75, 75))
sprite2.image.fill('blue')
sprite2.rect = pygame.Rect(*window.get_rect().center, 0, 0).inflate(75, 75)
sprite2.color = 'blue'

all_group = pygame.sprite.Group([sprite2, sprite1])

def color_collision(sprite1, sprite2):
    if sprite1.rect.colliderect(sprite2.rect):
        return ((sprite1.color == 'red' and sprite2.color == 'blue') or
                (sprite1.color == 'blue' and sprite2.color == 'red')) 
    return False

run = True
while run:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False

    sprite1.rect.center = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(sprite1, all_group, False, color_collision)
    
    window.fill(0)
    all_group.draw(window)
    for s in collide:
        pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 255, 255), s.rect, 5, 1)
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()
exit()