python-2.7 - 我的 Apache WSGI Flask 网络应用程序无法导入其内部 python 模块

Question

我开发了 Flask-Web-App，如果我直接使用 python 命令行，它运行良好。但是，当我使用 mod-wsgi 部署到 Apache2 时，它无法导入其内部模块。我已经阅读了所有与我的相似的相关帖子，但还没有弄清楚问题所在。首先，我尝试了以下所有方法:

1 - 确保应用程序文件夹下的所有文件和子文件夹都具有 www-data(“Apache2 服务帐户”)的 rwx 权限。

2 - 使用以下命令将模块路径添加到 Apache 配置文件:WSGIPythonPath/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Model/(见下文:)

3 - 将模块路径添加到 wsgi 脚本中的 sys.path 变量。

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import logging
logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stderr)
sys.path.insert(0,"/var/www/FlaskApp/")
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/')
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/')
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Model/')

from FlaskApp import app as application
application.secret_key = 'as345kj34h5kljj34sy'

我所有的内部导入都在 init.py 中，它启动了如下应用程序:

# internal imports
import Base.Model as Model
from Base import Constant as cnst
from Base.Form import UserRegistrationForm, ProductForm
.
.
.

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

我只是不知道我可能还错过了什么。同样，从命令行使用 python 解释器时一切正常。

非常感谢您的帮助。

问候，迈赫迪/迈克

错误日志

[Fri Sep 09 22:59:43.068802 2016] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 10719:tid 139878768617344] AH00489: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) mod_wsgi/3.4 Python/2.7.6 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:43.068872 2016] [core:notice] [pid 10719:tid 139878768617344] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926252 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866] mod_wsgi (pid=10720): Target WSGI script '/var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926300 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866] mod_wsgi (pid=10720): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi'.
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926325 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926343 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]   File "/var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi", line 10, in <module>
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926403 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]     from FlaskApp import app as application
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926414 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]   File "/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926848 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]     from Base.Form import UserRegistrationForm, ProductForm
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926889 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]   File "/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.926975 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]     from UserRegistrationForm import UserRegistrationForm
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.927007 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]   File "/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/UserRegistrationForm.py", line 2, in <module>
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.927098 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866]     from Base.Model import db_session, User
[Fri Sep 09 22:59:47.927156 2016] [:error] [pid 10720:tid 139878671300352] [client ::1:55866] ImportError: No module named Base.Model

flaskapp.wsgi

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import logging
logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stderr)
sys.path.insert(0,"/var/www/FlaskApp/")
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/')
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/')
sys.path.append('/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Model/')

from FlaskApp import app as application
application.secret_key = 'as345kj34h5kljj34sy'

FlaskApp.conf

WSGIPythonPath /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Model/

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAdmin admin@eynaksara.com
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    Alias /static /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static/>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    LogLevel warn
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

Answer 1

代替:

WSGIPythonPath /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Form/:/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/Base/Model/

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAdmin admin@eynaksara.com
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    Alias /static /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static/>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    LogLevel warn
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

尝试使用:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAdmin admin@eynaksara.com
    WSGIDaemonProcess myapp python-path=/var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/FlaskApp/flaskapp.wsgi process-group=myapp application-group=%{GLOBAL} 
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp>
    <Files flaskapp.wsgi>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Files>
    </Directory>
    Alias /static /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static
    <Directory /var/www/FlaskApp/FlaskApp/static/>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    LogLevel warn
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

所做的更改是:

1. 使用 mod_wsgi 守护进程模式而不是嵌入式模式。参见 http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2012/10/why-are-you-using-embedded-mode-of.html
2. 更正 Apache 目录访问权限。它像您一样工作表明您在 Apache 配置的其他地方有松散的安全设置，因为您不应该工作。已将其更改为首选机制，但您应该弄清楚为什么您的 Apache 配置允许 Apache 提供文件系统中的任何文件。
3. 设置正确的 Python 模块搜索路径。自从切换到守护进程组后就完成了。
4. 在守护进程组中使用 Python 主(应用程序)解释器上下文，以避免在子解释器中无法工作的 Python 第三方扩展模块出现问题。