objective-c - objective c undefined symbol 编译错误

Question

请帮忙!我在 objective-c 中的第一个程序。逐字逐句地遵循教程，但它给了我这个错误，我不知道如何阅读 objective-c 。

SimpleCar.h:

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>


@interface SimpleCar : NSObject {
    NSString* make;
    NSString* model;
    NSNumber* vin;
}

// set methods
- (void) setVin:   (NSNumber*)newVin;
- (void) setMake:  (NSString*)newMake;
- (void) setModel: (NSString*)newModel;

// convenience method
- (void) setMake: (NSString*)newMake
        andModel: (NSString*)newModel;

// get methods
- (NSString*) make;
- (NSString*) model;
- (NSNumber*) vin;

@end

SimpleCar.m:

#import "SimpleCar.h"


@implementation SimpleCar
// set methods
- (void) setVin: (NSNumber*)newVin {

    [vin release];
    vin = [[NSNumber alloc] init];
    vin = newVin;

}

- (void) setMake: (NSString*)newMake {

    [make release];
    make = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:newMake];

}

- (void) setModel: (NSString*)newModel {

    [model release];
    model = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:newModel];

}

// convenience method
- (void) setMake: (NSString*)newMake
        andModel: (NSString*)newModel {

    // Reuse our methods from earlier
    [self setMake:newMake];
    [self setModel:newModel];

}

- (NSString*) make {
    return make;
}

- (NSString*) model {
    return model;
}

- (NSNumber*) vin {
    return vin;
}

-(void) dealloc
{
    [vin release];
    [make release];
    [model release];
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

CarApp.m:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SimpleCar.h"

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

  NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    SimpleCar *myCar = [[SimpleCar alloc] init];

    NSNumber *newVin = [NSNumber numberWithInt:123];

    [myCar setVin:newVin];
    [myCar setMake:@"Honda" andModel:@"Civic"];

    NSLog(@"The car is: %@ %@", [myCar make], [myCar model]);
    NSLog(@"The vin is: %@", [myCar vin]);

    [myCar release];

  [pool drain];

  return 0;
}

编译器调用:

bash-3.2$ gcc CarApp.m SimpleCar.m -g -m64

错误:

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "___CFConstantStringClassReference", referenced from:
      CFString in ccR0Zlgm.o
      CFString in ccR0Zlgm.o
      CFString in ccR0Zlgm.o
      CFString in ccR0Zlgm.o
  "_objc_msgSend", referenced from:
      _main in ccR0Zlgm.o
      -[SimpleCar setVin:] in ccJfVliU.o
      -[SimpleCar setMake:] in ccJfVliU.o
      -[SimpleCar setModel:] in ccJfVliU.o
      -[SimpleCar setMake:andModel:] in ccJfVliU.o
     (maybe you meant: l_objc_msgSend_fixup_release, l_objc_msgSend_fixup_alloc )
  "_NSLog", referenced from:
      _main in ccR0Zlgm.o
  "_objc_msgSend_fixup", referenced from:
      l_objc_msgSend_fixup_alloc in ccR0Zlgm.o
      l_objc_msgSend_fixup_release in ccR0Zlgm.o
      l_objc_msgSend_fixup_release in ccJfVliU.o
      l_objc_msgSend_fixup_alloc in ccJfVliU.o
     (maybe you meant: l_objc_msgSend_fixup_release, l_objc_msgSend_fixup_alloc )
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSAutoreleasePool", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in ccR0Zlgm.o
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSNumber", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in ccR0Zlgm.o
      objc-class-ref in ccJfVliU.o
  "_objc_msgSendSuper2", referenced from:
      -[SimpleCar dealloc] in ccJfVliU.o
  "_OBJC_METACLASS_$_NSObject", referenced from:
      _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
  "__objc_empty_cache", referenced from:
      _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
      _OBJC_CLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
  "__objc_empty_vtable", referenced from:
      _OBJC_METACLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
      _OBJC_CLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSObject", referenced from:
      _OBJC_CLASS_$_SimpleCar in ccJfVliU.o
  "_OBJC_CLASS_$_NSString", referenced from:
      objc-class-ref in ccJfVliU.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Answer 1

在你的命令行上:

bash-3.2$ gcc CarApp.m SimpleCar.m -g -m64

您没有包括 Cocoa 和其他所需的框架。

我的建议是使用 Xcode 而不是命令行构建您的应用程序。

如果您想从命令行尝试，请使用 -framework 链接器开关添加您正在使用的所有框架，例如:

-framework Cocoa

但是你还需要另一个开关，识别你正在构建的 SDK(我想)，例如:

-isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk

编辑:如果您想并尝试使用 Xcode 4 来构建您的项目，请按照以下步骤操作:

1. 打开 Xcode 并创建一个新项目:文件 > 新建 > 新建项目；

2. 选择适合您的项目类型(命令行工具是合适的)；

3. 将 SimpleCar.c/h 和 CarApp.c 添加到您的项目中；删除旧的 main.c；

   (4. 如果您选择命令行工具以外的项目类型，而不是将 CarApp.c 添加到项目中，您应该将 main() 函数的内容复制到 -awakeFromNib在您的 ApplicationDelegate 中找到的函数。)