authorization - 如何为asp.net mvc 4 web api进行基于角色的授权

Question

我正在尝试制作一个安全的 asp.net web api。为此，我遵循了以下链接

MessageHandler for token

所以现在每个 api 请求都需要一个 token ，我在请求 header 中提供了一个 token ，例如

public class TestController : Controller
{

    public string GetProducts()
    {
        Uri myUri = new Uri("http://localhost:420420/api/products");
        WebRequest myWebRequest = WebRequest.Create(myUri);

        myWebRequest.Method = "GET";
        myWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
        myWebRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);

        using (WebResponse response = myWebRequest.GetResponse())
        {
            using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream);
                return reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
        }
    }    
  }

所以我现在可以发出每个 api 请求，检查 header 中的 token 。但是我如何完成授权，我的意思是我怎么能不允许这个 token 不能访问同一个 Controller 中的某些操作。我只需要一个想法。希望我解释得足够好。

编辑:

public class TestController : Controller
{
    public string GetProducts()
    {
        Uri myUri = new Uri("http://localhost:420420/api/products");         

        WebRequest myWebRequest = WebRequest.Create(myUri);

        myWebRequest.Method = "GET";
        myWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
        myWebRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);

        **using (WebResponse response = myWebRequest.GetResponse())
        {
            using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream);
                return reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
        }**
 }

我正在使用 webrequest 向 Controller 上方的“api” Controller 发出请求(稍后我将其更改为 HttpClient)。在上面 ** ** 之间的代码中，我得到 404 page not found for myWebRequest.GetResponse()

下面是我的 api Controller

public class ProductsController : ApiController
{

    TestModelContainer testModel = new TestModelContainer();

    [Authorize(Roles="Users")]
    public IEnumerable<Products> GetProducts()
    {
        IEnumerable<Products> products = (from prods in testModel.Products
                        select prods);
        return products;        
    }        
 }
}

现在在委托(delegate)处理程序中，我有以下代码

public class TokenValidationHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
    protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request,
     CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        TestModelContainer testModel = new TestModelContainer();

        var token = "";
        try
        {

            if (request.Headers.Contains("Authorization-Token"))
            {

                token = request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization-Token").FirstOrDefault();

                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
                {
                    return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                    {
                        return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                        {
                            Content = new StringContent("Missing Authorization-Token")
                        };
                    });
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                {
                    return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                    {
                        Content = new StringContent("You need to include Authorization-Token " +
                        "header in your request")
                    };
                });
            }


            var decryptedToken = RSAClass.Decrypt(token);
            var foundUser =  (from user in testModel.Users
                                where user.Name == decryptedToken
                                select user).Any();              

            if (!foundUser)
                return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                {
                    return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
                    {
                        Content = new StringContent("Unauthorized User")
                    };
                });

      var identity = new GenericIdentity(decryptedToken);
              string[] roles = new string[] { "Users", "Testers" };

              var principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
              Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError)
                {
                    Content = new StringContent("Error encountered while attempting to process authorization token")
                };
            });
        }
        return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }

如果我从 api Controller 中删除 Authorize 属性，则不会出现 404 错误，然后我就可以访问它。

更新(我也相信解决方案):

这就是问题得到解决的方式

我已经更改了 建议的 TestController 方法，如下所示。达林·季米特洛夫

public class TestsController : Controller
{
    public ActionResult GetProducts()
    {
        var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);

         var products = client
               .GetAsync(productsUrl)
                 .Result;

            if (products.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
            {
                return Content("Sorry you are not authorized to perform this operation");
            }

            var prods = products.Content
                .ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Products>>()
                .Result;

            return Json(prods, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
    }

问题是我不知道如何调用 api，感谢 达林 感谢他的大力支持(他也很快)。

谢谢

Answer 1

您在 Global.asax 中注册处理程序:

GlobalConfiguration
    .Configuration
    .MessageHandlers
    .Add(new TokenValidationHandler());

然后用 [Authorize] 装饰需要授权的 Controller / Action 属性:

public class MyController : ApiController
{
    [Authorize]
    public string Get(string id)
    {
        ...          
    }
}

对于基于角色的授权，您可以查看以下示例: https://stackoverflow.com/a/11536349/29407

它使用 SSL 上的基本身份验证，并依赖于内置的成员资格和角色提供程序。

更新:

根据留下的众多评论，我的印象是我的答案不够清楚。让我详细说明。

使用空模板

创建一个新的 ASP.NET MVC 4 项目

定义模型:

public class Product
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

定义一个 ApiController:

public class ProductsController : ApiController
{
    // GET /api/products => only users having the Users role can call this
    [Authorize(Roles = "Users")]
    public HttpResponseMessage Get()
    {
        var products = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(x => new Product
        {
            Id = x,
            Name = "product " + x
        });
        return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, products);
    }

    // GET /api/products => only users having the Admin role can call this
    [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
    public void Post(Product product)
    {
    }
}

定义一个 RSAHelper :

public class RSAClass
{
    private static string _privateKey = "<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>poQS/c9tLkgg84xYZpnUBHP6fy24D6XmzhQ8yCOG317hfUNhRt6Z9N4oTn+QcOTh/DAnul4Q901GrHbPrMB8tl1LtbpKbvGftPhyR7OLQVnWC1Oz10t2tHEo7mqyPyAVuYsq8Q1E3YNTh2V6+PRvMiAWGUHGyyG7fKjt/R9W+RE=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent><P>4G09wYejA4iLakpAcjXbE/zV9tXTNsYqVIWeXF4hzwMmwmin7ru/WQzXu2DdapXXOJIKqrkfzXlcPwCsW5b9rQ==</P><Q>vfEq13Et+cP4eGgsR+crDQH0Mi+G6UW5ACfuDs/zam1o+CE70pLgeWawfqW4jRN30/VHDnTF9DZuotH6zihNdQ==</Q><DP>JoZaHYidERQ1am+IlJJuIwY57H9UHIjz50JwpsZ540FVO/YfLboI5M5xkfbUy2EhatKXBit1LB5zGVWSQL6wmQ==</DP><DQ>Gxk7KX2GN6oT2unR13hNlg9/TWGmd8VwvWr09bwJWFe/sBbduA8oY2mZKJhwGgB7CgxmVNOoIk1Zv3UBuUPauQ==</DQ><InverseQ>ZwJpSUZ09lCfiCF3ILB6F1q+6NC5hFH0O4924X9B4LZ8G4PRuudBMu1Yg0WNROUqVi3zfihKvzHnquHshSL56A==</InverseQ><D>pPQNRDVpeQGm8t1C7VDRwR+LNNV7krTMMbXGiJT5FOoPAmHvSZ9WcEZrM2gXFF8IpySlFm/86p84tbx0+jMs1niU52VsTscsamGbTzbsxeoHAt1fQUvzYveOGoRezotXblboVB2971r6avMHNtAk0FAdjvh4TjGZJCGTqNHD0mE=</D></RSAKeyValue>";
    private static string _publicKey = "<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>poQS/c9tLkgg84xYZpnUBHP6fy24D6XmzhQ8yCOG317hfUNhRt6Z9N4oTn+QcOTh/DAnul4Q901GrHbPrMB8tl1LtbpKbvGftPhyR7OLQVnWC1Oz10t2tHEo7mqyPyAVuYsq8Q1E3YNTh2V6+PRvMiAWGUHGyyG7fKjt/R9W+RE=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>";
    private static UnicodeEncoding _encoder = new UnicodeEncoding();

    public static string Decrypt(string data)
    {
        try
        {
            var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            var dataArray = data.Split(new char[] { ',' });

            byte[] dataByte = new byte[dataArray.Length];
            for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.Length; i++)
            {
                dataByte[i] = Convert.ToByte(dataArray[i]);
            }

            rsa.FromXmlString(_privateKey);
            var decryptedByte = rsa.Decrypt(dataByte, false);
            return _encoder.GetString(decryptedByte);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            throw new RSAException();
        }
    }

    public static string Encrypt(string data)
    {
        try
        {
            var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            rsa.FromXmlString(_publicKey);
            var dataToEncrypt = _encoder.GetBytes(data);
            var encryptedByteArray = rsa.Encrypt(dataToEncrypt, false).ToArray();
            var length = encryptedByteArray.Count();
            var item = 0;
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (var x in encryptedByteArray)
            {
                item++;
                sb.Append(x);

                if (item < length)
                    sb.Append(",");
            }

            return sb.ToString();

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            throw new RSAException();
        }
    }

    public class RSAException : Exception
    {
        public RSAException() : base("RSA Encryption Error") { }
    }
}

定义一个 TokenValidationHandler :

public class TokenValidationHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
    protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        try
        {
            if (!request.Headers.Contains("Authorization-Token"))
            {
                return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                {
                    return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                    {
                        Content = new StringContent("You need to include Authorization-Token header in your request")
                    };
                });
            }

            var token = request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization-Token").FirstOrDefault();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
            {
                return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                {
                    return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
                    {
                        Content = new StringContent("Missing Authorization-Token")
                    };
                });
            }

            var decryptedToken = RSAClass.Decrypt(token);

            // TODO: do your query to find the user
            var user = decryptedToken;

            var identity = new GenericIdentity(decryptedToken);
            string[] roles = new[] { "Users", "Testers" };

            var principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
            Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
        }
        catch
        {
            return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError)
                {
                    Content = new StringContent("Error encountered while attempting to process authorization token")
                };
            });
        }

        return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }
}

定义一个测试 Controller :

public class TestsController : Controller
{
    public ActionResult GetProducts()
    {
        var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
            var token = RSAClass.Encrypt("john");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", token);

            var products = client
                .GetAsync(productsUrl)
                .Result
                .Content
                .ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>()
                .Result;

            return Json(products, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
    }

    public ActionResult PostProduct()
    {
        var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
            var token = RSAClass.Encrypt("john");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", token);

            var product = new Product 
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "test product"
            };

            var result = client
                .PostAsync<Product>(productsUrl, product, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter())
                .Result;
            if (result.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
            {
                return Content("Sorry you are not authorized to perform this operation");
            }

            return Json(true, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
    }
}

测试:

* /tests/getproducts => success
* /tests/postproduct => 401