linker - STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld 的语法错误(st 官方链接描述文件)

Question

我运行命令:

arm-none-eabi-gcc -T STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld -o main.elf main.c lcd.c c2b.c startup_stm32f100xb.s system_stm32f10x.c stm32f10x_gpio.c stm32f10x_rcc.c -specs=nosys.specs

但是有这样的错误

/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld:1: syntax error
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

此文件中的语法错误(STM32F100XB_FLASH):

0
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
0
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20001FFF;    /* end of RAM */
0
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200;      /* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
0
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH (rx)      : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 128K
RAM (xrw)       : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 8K
}
0
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
  .isr_vector :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
0
  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
  .text :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)
0
    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))
0
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
  } >FLASH
0
  /* Constant data goes into FLASH */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
0
  .ARM.extab   : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
  .ARM : {
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
  } >FLASH
0
  .preinit_array     :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH
  .init_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH
  .fini_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH
0
  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
0
  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
  .data : 
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */
0
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
  } >RAM AT> FLASH
0

  /* Uninitialized data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  {
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)
0
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
  } >RAM
0
  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >RAM
0

0
  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  {
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  }
0
  .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}

st.com 在 STMCUBEMX 的 STM32Cube_FW_F1_V1.4.0.zip 固件文件中发布的链接器脚本文件(我提取了它并找到了一些文件，包括 STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld)

但是当用其他非官方文件更改链接描述文件时!编译链接成功。

arm-none-eabi-gcc -T stm32f100.ld -o main.elf main.c lcd.c c2b.c startup_stm32f100xb.s system_stm32f10x.c stm32f10x_gpio.c stm32f10x_rcc.c -specs=nosys.specs

和 stm32f100.ld 文件:

/*
Linker script for STM32F10x_128K_8K

modified from

http://www.codesourcery.com/archives/arm-gnu/msg02972.html
http://communities.mentor.com/community/cs/archives/arm-gnu/msg02972.html
*/

/*
There will be a link error if there is not this amount of RAM free at the
end.
*/

_Minimum_Stack_Size = 256;

ENTRY(Reset_Handler)


/* Memory Spaces Definitions */

MEMORY
{
  RAM (rwx)  : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 8K
  FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 128K
}

__ram_start__ = ORIGIN(RAM);
__ram_size__  = LENGTH(RAM);
__ram_end__   = __ram_start__ + __ram_size__;
_estack = __ram_end__;
/* highest address of the user mode stack */



PROVIDE ( _Stack_Limit = _estack - _Minimum_Stack_Size );

/* Sections Definitions */

SECTIONS
{
    .text :
    {
        KEEP(*(.isr_vector))            /* Startup code */
        *(.text)                   /* code */
        *(.text.*)                 /* remaining code */
        *(.rodata)                 /* read-only data (constants) */
        *(.rodata.*)
        *(.glue_7)
        *(.glue_7t)
        *(.vfp11_veneer)
        *(.v4_bx)
        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    } >FLASH

    /* for exception handling/unwind - some Newlib functions (in
    common with C++ and STDC++) use this. */
    .ARM.extab :
    {
        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)

    } > FLASH

     __exidx_start = .;
    .ARM.exidx :
    {
        *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
    } > FLASH
        __exidx_end = .;

    . = ALIGN(4);
     _etext = .;
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .data secion
*/
    _sidata = _etext;

    /* This is the initialized data section
    The program executes knowing that the data is in the RAM
    but the loader puts the initial values in the FLASH (inidata).
    It is one task of the startup to copy the initial values from FLASH to
RAM. */
    .data  : AT ( _sidata )
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .data
secion */
        _sdata = . ;

        *(.data)
        *(.data.*)

        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .data
secion */
        _edata = . ;
    } >RAM


    /* This is the uninitialized data section */
    .bss :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss
secion */
        _sbss = .;
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
        *(.bss)
        *(.bss.*)
        *(COMMON)

        . = ALIGN(4);
        /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss
secion */
        _ebss = . ;
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
    } >RAM

    PROVIDE ( end = _ebss );
    PROVIDE ( _end = _ebss );
    PROVIDE ( _exit = _ebss );
    PROVIDE (_stackend = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM) - _Minimum_Stack_Size);

    /* This is the user stack section
    This is just to check that there is enough RAM left for the User mode
stack
    It should generate an error if it's full.
     */
    ._usrstack :
    {
        . = ALIGN(4);
        _susrstack = . ;

        . = . + _Minimum_Stack_Size ;

        . = ALIGN(4);
        _eusrstack = . ;
    } >RAM



    /* after that it's only debugging information. */

    /* remove the debugging information from the standard libraries */
/*
    DISCARD :
    {
     libc.a ( * )
     libm.a ( * )
     libgcc.a ( * )
     }
*/

    /* Stabs debugging sections.  */
    .stab          0 : { *(.stab) }
    .stabstr       0 : { *(.stabstr) }
    .stab.excl     0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
    .stab.exclstr  0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
    .stab.index    0 : { *(.stab.index) }
    .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
    .comment       0 : { *(.comment) }
    /* DWARF debug sections.
       Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
       of the section so we begin them at 0.  */
    /* DWARF 1 */
    .debug          0 : { *(.debug) }
    .line           0 : { *(.line) }
    /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
    .debug_srcinfo  0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
    .debug_sfnames  0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }
    /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
    .debug_aranges  0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
    .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
    /* DWARF 2 */
    .debug_info     0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }
    .debug_abbrev   0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
    .debug_line     0 : { *(.debug_line) }
    .debug_frame    0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
    .debug_str      0 : { *(.debug_str) }
    .debug_loc      0 : { *(.debug_loc) }
    .debug_macinfo  0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }
    /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */
    .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) }
    .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }
    .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }
    .debug_varnames  0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }
}

STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld 怎么了？？？

Answer 1

你在行首的所有零都是错误的，这就是 ld 告诉你的。

0 <-- error
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
0 <-- error
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20001FFF;    /* end of RAM */
0 <-- error
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200;      /* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
0 <-- error
...

包中的文件确实已损坏，该文件夹中的所有文件也是如此 (Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F1xx/Source/Templates/gcc/linker/)。我的建议是使用 Projects/ 文件夹中的任何文件，只需更改 flash/ram 地址和大小的值以匹配您的设备(您可以从损坏的文件中获取它们) .

如果您只采用这个 - Projects/STM32VL-Discovery/Examples/ADC/ADC_Regular_injected_groups/TrueSTUDIO/STM32VL-Discovery/STM32F100VB_FLASH.ld - 那么您不需要更改任何内容，因为大小和地址适合您的设备(假设它是具有 128kB 闪存和 8kB RAM 的设备)。