发送单个值的Arduino按钮问题

Question

我正在从事一个目前涉及 Arduino 的项目。我需要一个按下时发送值 1 的按钮，但只发送一次。原因是我将它发送给 Processing，如果它不止一次收到该值，这对我的脚本来说目前是个问题。这是我在将按钮制作成拨动开关后发现的。我的下一次尝试是只打印单个按钮的值，但它经常在 1 和 0 之间变化。我需要消除输入中的噪音并在按下后发送单个值 1。

Arduino 代码:

#include "mpr121.h"
#include <Wire.h>
#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS 5 //
#define DATA_PIN 13
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

int capacitivePin = 2; //IRQ
boolean touchStates[12];

const int pingPin = 7; //Ping1
long duration, cm;

//const int pingPin2 = 8; //Ping2
//long duration2, cm2; 

int buttonPin = 3;
int buttonValue;

bool are_sensors_read = false; //mpr toggle
uint16_t  is_touched = 0;
uint16_t was_touched = 0;

void setup(){
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812, DATA_PIN, RGB>(leds, NUM_LEDS);
  pinMode(capacitivePin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(capacitivePin, HIGH); //enable pullup resistor
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  mpr121_setup();
}

void loop(){
  readTouchInputs();
  Leds();
  GetPings();
  Buttons();

  Serial.print(cm);
  Serial.print( "," );
  //Serial.print(cm2);
  //Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.print( touchStates[0] );
  Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.print( touchStates[1] );
  Serial.print( "," );                                              //NB!
  Serial.print( touchStates[2] );       //[cm,-cm2-,touch0,touch1,touch2,touch3,touch4,touch5,-touch6-,touch7,-touch8-,touch10,]
  Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.println( buttonValue );
  delay( 100 );
}


// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR CAPACITIVE SENSOR
void readTouchInputs() {
  if (!checkInterrupt()) {

    Wire.requestFrom(0x5A, 2);

    byte LSB = Wire.read();
    byte MSB = Wire.read();

    is_touched = ((MSB << 8) | LSB);
    uint16_t is_toggled = is_touched & ( was_touched ^ 65535 );

    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
      if ( is_toggled & (1 << i) ) {
        touchStates[i] = !touchStates[i];
        are_sensors_read = true;
      }
    }
    was_touched = is_touched;
  }
}

void mpr121_setup(void){
  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x00); 

  // Section A - Controls filtering when data is > baseline.
  set_register(0x5A, MHD_R, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NHD_R, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NCL_R, 0x00);
  set_register(0x5A, FDL_R, 0x00);

  // Section B - Controls filtering when data is < baseline.
  set_register(0x5A, MHD_F, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NHD_F, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NCL_F, 0xFF);
  set_register(0x5A, FDL_F, 0x02);

  // Section C - Sets touch and release thresholds for each electrode
  set_register(0x5A, ELE0_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE0_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE1_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE1_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE2_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE2_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE3_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE3_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE4_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE4_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE5_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE5_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE6_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE6_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE7_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE7_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE8_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE8_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE9_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE9_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE10_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE10_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE11_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE11_R, REL_THRESH);

  // Section D
  // Set the Filter Configuration
  // Set ESI2
  set_register(0x5A, FIL_CFG, 0x04);

  // Section E
  // Electrode Configuration
  // Set ELE_CFG to 0x00 to return to standby mode
  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x0C);  // Enables all 12 Electrodes

  // Section F
  // Enable Auto Config and auto Reconfig
  /*set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFG0, 0x0B);
  set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGU, 0xC9);  // USL = (Vdd-0.7)/vdd*256 = 0xC9 @3.3V   set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGL, 0x82);  // LSL = 0.65*USL = 0x82 @3.3V
  set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGT, 0xB5);*/  // Target = 0.9*USL = 0xB5 @3.3V

  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x0C);
}

boolean checkInterrupt(void){
  return digitalRead(capacitivePin);
}

void set_register(int address, unsigned char r, unsigned char v){
    Wire.beginTransmission(address);
    Wire.write(r);
    Wire.write(v);
    Wire.endTransmission();
}


// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR PING
void GetPings() {
  pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(5);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

  pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
  duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);

  cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);


//  pinMode(pingPin2, OUTPUT);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, LOW);
//  delayMicroseconds(2);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, HIGH);
//  delayMicroseconds(5);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, LOW);

//  pinMode(pingPin2, INPUT);
//  duration2 = pulseIn(pingPin2, HIGH);

 // cm2 = microsecondsToCentimeters2(duration2);
}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds) {
  return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

//long microsecondsToCentimeters2(long microseconds2) {
//  return microseconds2 / 29 / 2;
//}

// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR LEDS
void Leds(){
//    if (cm < 50) {
//        leds[0] = CRGB::Blue;
//        FastLED.show(); 
//    }else if (cm > 50){
//        leds[0] = CRGB::Black; 
//        FastLED.show(); 
//    }

    if (touchStates[0] == 1) {
        leds[0] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[0] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[1] == 1) {
        leds[1] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[1] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[2] == 1) {
        leds[2] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[2] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[3] == 1) {
        leds[3] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[3] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[4] == 1) {
        leds[4] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[4] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }
}

// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR BUTTONS
void Buttons(){
  buttonValue = digitalRead(buttonPin);

}

处理代码:

//---libs
import processing.serial.*;
import ddf.minim.*;

//---init1
int[] data = new int[12]; //arr send via serial from uno
String val; //storing arr

boolean isPlaying;
boolean buttonport5; //if choice buttons are active
boolean buttonport7;
boolean buttonport10;

//---init2
Serial myPort;
Minim minim;
AudioPlayer drums;
AudioPlayer guitar;
AudioPlayer lead;
AudioPlayer vocals;

//---begin
void setup() { 
  size(200,200);
  myPort = new Serial(this, "COM3", 9600);

  minim = new Minim(this);
  //startingSong();

  drums = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_drums.mp3", 2048);
  guitar = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_guitar.mp3", 2048);
  lead = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_lead.mp3", 2048);
  vocals = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_vocals.mp3", 2048);
}

//---loop
void draw() {
    if (myPort.available() > 0) {
        val = myPort.readStringUntil(10);

        if (val != null) {
            val = trim(val);
            int[] data = int(split(val, ','));
            //println(data);
            checkSensors(data);

          }  
      } 

}

//--songs
void startingSong() {
    drums = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_lead.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_vocals.mp3", 2048);
}

void songOne() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("dm_es_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("dm_es_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("dm_es_bass.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("dm_es_vocals.mp3", 2048);
    //print("now playing: depeche mode");
}

void songTwo() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_stabs.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_synth1.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_synth2.mp3", 2048);
    //print("now playing: synnys");
}

void songThree() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("dm_es_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("dm_es_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("dm_es_bass.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("dm_es_vocals.mp3", 2048);
    print("now playing: depeche mode");
}

//---actions
void checkSensors (int []data) {
    int ultrasonic = data[0];
    //int ultrasonic2 = data[1];
    int port0 = data[1];
    int port1 = data[2];
    int port2 = data[3];
    int port3 = data[4];
    int port4 = data[5];
    int port5 = data[6];
    //int port6 = data[];
    int port7 = data[7];
    //int port8 = data[];
    int port10 = data[8];

    println("ultrasonic: " + data[0]);
    //println("ultrasonic2: " + data[1]);
    println("port 0: " + data[1]);
    println("port 1: " + data[2]);
    println("port 2: " + data[3]);
    println("port 3: " + data[4]);
    println("port 4: " + data[5]);
    println("port 5: " + data[6]);
    //println("port 6: " + data[]);
    println("port 7: " + data[7]);
    //println("port 8: " + data[]);
    println("port 10: " + data[8]);
    print(isPlaying);

    chooseSong(port5, port7, port10);
    doActions(ultrasonic, port0, port1, port2);
}

void chooseSong (int port5, int port7, int port10) {
    if (port5 == 1 && buttonport7 == false && buttonport10 == false ) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songOne();
        buttonport5 = true;
    } else if (port7 == 1 && buttonport5 == false && buttonport10 == false) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songTwo();
        buttonport7 = true;
    } else if (port10 == 1 && buttonport5 == false && buttonport7 == false) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songThree();
        buttonport10 =true;
    } else {
        //startingSong();
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport7 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
    }

    if (port5 == 1){
      if (buttonport7 == false && buttonport10 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songOne();
        buttonport5 = true;
        buttonport7 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
      }
    } else  {
        buttonport5 = false;
    }

    if (port7 == 1){
      if (buttonport5 == false && buttonport10 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songTwo();
        buttonport7 = true;
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
      }
    } else {
        buttonport7 = false;
    }

    if (port10 == 1){
      if (buttonport5 == false && buttonport7 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songThree();
        buttonport10 = true;
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport7 = false;
      }
    } else {
        buttonport10 = false;
    }


} 

void doActions (int ultrasonic, int port0, int port1, int port2) {
    if ((ultrasonic < 50)) {   // || (ultrasonic < 20) , || (isPlaying= false)
      if(isPlaying == false){
        isPlaying = true;
        drums.play();
        guitar.play();
        lead.play();
        vocals.play();

      }
    } else if (ultrasonic > 50) {   
        isPlaying = false;
        drums.rewind();
        guitar.rewind();
        lead.rewind();
        vocals.rewind();
    }       


    if (port0 == 1) {
        guitar.setGain(75);
    } else if (port0 == 0) {
        guitar.setGain(-50);
    }

    if (port1 == 1) {
        lead.setGain(75);
    } else if (port1 == 0) {
        lead.setGain(-50);
    }

    if (port2 == 1) {
        vocals.setGain(75);
    } else if (port2 == 0) {
        vocals.setGain(-50);
    }

}

编辑:很抱歉没有第一次发布代码，这是我第一次在这里发布，我还在努力适应。

PS:我最近开始学习编程，所以我希望这可以在一定程度上原谅可能出现的愚蠢错误或遗漏的东西。我希望一切都有意义。

Answer 1

至于按钮从0变1太频繁，就是switch bounce。谷歌那个。有无数关于“去抖动”的文章可以解决这个问题。

至于每次按下按钮只发送一次信号，请研究IDE自带的“状态变化示例”。基本上你需要有一个变量来存储按钮的最后状态，这样你就可以比较下一次阅读的时间，看看它是否发生了变化。这样，只有当它确实发生变化时，您才能采取行动。查看状态更改示例，如果您不遵循，那么也可以用谷歌搜索。有很多关于如何做到这一点的例子。