java - 无法生成跨平台 javaFX 应用程序

Question

我似乎无法从 javaFX 应用程序生成跨平台构建。
当我从 IntelliJ 运行它时，它工作正常，如果通过 maven 打包它，我也可以在 Linux 上运行生成的 jar。
当我尝试在 Mac 上运行 jar 时出现问题，似乎没有包含 JavaFX 库，然后我得到了这个堆栈跟踪:

Graphics Device initialization failed for : es2, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(QuantumRenderer.java:280)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(QuantumToolkit.java:244)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:261)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:267)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:158)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:658)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:678)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:195)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(QuantumRenderer.java:94)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:124)
    ... 1 more
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:273)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:267)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:158)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:658)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:678)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:195)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)

我正在使用 Java 15 编译到 11 和 JavaFX11。
我还使用 maven 配置文件每次生成特定版本，并使用 shade 插件将所有依赖项打包在一个胖 jar 中。
在实际的 FX 应用程序之前，还有一个启动器，这是 list 指向的位置。
这就是 pom 的样子。

<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>linux</id>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>linux</classifier>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>linux</classifier>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>mac</id>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>mac</classifier>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>mac</classifier>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>win</id>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>win</classifier>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
                <version>11</version>
                <classifier>win</classifier>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>
</profiles>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <release>11</release>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <transformers>
                            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                <manifestEntries>
                                    <Main-Class>org.log.Launcher</Main-Class>
                                </manifestEntries>
                            </transformer>
                        </transformers>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

我还注意到，无论我选择什么配置文件，它总是生成 linux 版本，我可以看到这个 maven 日志:

[WARNING] javafx-controls-11-win.jar, javafx-graphics-11-linux.jar, javafx-fxml-11-linux.jar, LogAnalyzer-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar, javafx-base-11-linux.jar, javafx-controls-11-linux.jar, javafx-fxml-11-win.jar define 1 overlapping classes: 
[WARNING]   - module-info
[WARNING] javafx-controls-11-win.jar, javafx-controls-11-linux.jar define 1216 overlapping classes: 
[WARNING]   - com.sun.javafx.scene.control.TableColumnBaseHelper$TableColumnBaseAccessor
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.ComboBoxBase
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.skin.ColorPickerSkin$StyleableProperties$2
[WARNING]   - com.sun.javafx.scene.control.inputmap.InputMap$KeyMappingInterceptor
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.cell.ChoiceBoxTreeTableCell
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.TableCell$3
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.skin.ProgressBarSkin$StyleableProperties$1
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.DialogPane$2
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.skin.ToolBarSkin$4
[WARNING]   - javafx.scene.control.skin.ColorPickerSkin$3
[WARNING]   - 1206 more...
[WARNING] javafx-fxml-11-linux.jar, javafx-fxml-11-win.jar define 80 overlapping classes: 
[WARNING]   - com.sun.javafx.fxml.expression.ExpressionValue$KeyPathMonitor
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$RootElement
[WARNING]   - com.sun.javafx.fxml.expression.Expression$Parser$TokenType
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$DefineElement
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.Initializable
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerMethodEventHandler
[WARNING]   - com.sun.javafx.fxml.BeanAdapter
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader$ControllerAccessor$1
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.JavaFXBuilderFactory$ObjectBuilderWrapper$ObjectBuilder
[WARNING]   - javafx.fxml.FXML
[WARNING]   - 70 more...
[WARNING] maven-shade-plugin has detected that some class files are
[WARNING] present in two or more JARs. When this happens, only one
[WARNING] single version of the class is copied to the uber jar.
[WARNING] Usually this is not harmful and you can skip these warnings,
[WARNING] otherwise try to manually exclude artifacts based on
[WARNING] mvn dependency:tree -Ddetail=true and the above output.
[WARNING] See http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/

我一直在阅读其他帖子并查看一些视频，这似乎也发生在其他人身上，但对我来说看起来有点奇怪。同样奇怪的是，当我为 windows 生成时，我在生成的 jar 中看不到任何 .dll 文件。
有谁知道如何生成 FX 跨平台 jar？
-------- 编辑 --------
正如其他帖子中所建议的，我有一个 Launcher 类，它调用扩展应用程序的实际类:

public class Launcher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        App.main(args);
    }
}

JavaFX 类:

public class App extends Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Application.launch();
    }
        
    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws IOException {
        ...
    }
}

我现在从 pom 中删除了配置文件，所以在编译时，maven 应该获取所有依赖项(mac、linux 和 win)，但似乎它仍然只生成 linux 依赖项(我在 linux 上运行，我猜这有一些东西处理它)，因为如果我打开 jar 文件，我看不到任何 .dll 文件，它仍然无法在 mac 上运行。这是我的完整pom:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.log</groupId>
    <artifactId>LogAnalyzer</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>linux</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>linux</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>mac</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>mac</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>win</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>win</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-csv</artifactId>
        <version>1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
        <version>5.7.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
        <artifactId>hamcrest</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <release>11</release>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <transformers>
                            <transformer
                                    implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                <manifestEntries>
                                    <Main-Class>org.log.Launcher</Main-Class>
                                </manifestEntries>
                            </transformer>
                        </transformers>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>

    </plugins>
</build>

Answer 1

正如 one of the links 中的建议@jewelsea 在评论中提供，诀窍是独立显式添加每个平台的图形模块。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-graphics</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>win</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-graphics</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>linux</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-graphics</artifactId>
        <version>11</version>
        <classifier>mac</classifier>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

它会生成一个胖 jar，我终于可以看到里面的 .dll 文件了。在 linux 和 mac 上试过，它可以在两个平台上运行。