python - 如何减少 Pandas DataFrame 的内存？

Question

我在日常工作中使用 Pandas，我使用的一些数据框非常大(大约有数亿行乘数百列)。有没有办法减少RAM内存消耗？

Answer 1

您可以使用此功能。它通过将数据类型限制为每列所需的最小值来减少数据的大小。

该代码不是我的，我从以下链接复制了它，并根据我的需要对其进行了调整。
https://www.mikulskibartosz.name/how-to-reduce-memory-usage-in-pandas/

def reduce_mem_usage(df, int_cast=True, obj_to_category=False, subset=None):
    """
    Iterate through all the columns of a dataframe and modify the data type to reduce memory usage.
    :param df: dataframe to reduce (pd.DataFrame)
    :param int_cast: indicate if columns should be tried to be casted to int (bool)
    :param obj_to_category: convert non-datetime related objects to category dtype (bool)
    :param subset: subset of columns to analyse (list)
    :return: dataset with the column dtypes adjusted (pd.DataFrame)
    """
    start_mem = df.memory_usage().sum() / 1024 ** 2;
    gc.collect()
    print('Memory usage of dataframe is {:.2f} MB'.format(start_mem))

    cols = subset if subset is not None else df.columns.tolist()

    for col in tqdm(cols):
        col_type = df[col].dtype

        if col_type != object and col_type.name != 'category' and 'datetime' not in col_type.name:
            c_min = df[col].min()
            c_max = df[col].max()

            # test if column can be converted to an integer
            treat_as_int = str(col_type)[:3] == 'int'
            if int_cast and not treat_as_int:
                treat_as_int = check_if_integer(df[col])

            if treat_as_int:
                if c_min > np.iinfo(np.int8).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int8).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int8)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.uint8).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.uint8).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.uint8)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int16).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int16).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int16)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.uint16).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.uint16).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.uint16)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int32).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int32).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int32)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.uint32).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.uint32).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.uint32)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int64).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int64).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int64)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.uint64).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.uint64).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.uint64)
            else:
                if c_min > np.finfo(np.float16).min and c_max < np.finfo(np.float16).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float16)
                elif c_min > np.finfo(np.float32).min and c_max < np.finfo(np.float32).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float32)
                else:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float64)
        elif 'datetime' not in col_type.name and obj_to_category:
            df[col] = df[col].astype('category')
    gc.collect()
    end_mem = df.memory_usage().sum() / 1024 ** 2
    print('Memory usage after optimization is: {:.3f} MB'.format(end_mem))
    print('Decreased by {:.1f}%'.format(100 * (start_mem - end_mem) / start_mem))

    return df