bash - 如何重新定位每行的第三个字符串以从同一行的第 n 个字符开始

Question

Ubuntu 16.04
bash 4.4.20

我想清理我的一些游戏配置，以便信息整齐地存储在列中。每行都有类似的内容:

somegamevar  "0"       // This here explains the stuff on the left
anothervar    9        // Sometimes the value is not in doublequotes  

当一个文件没有整齐地排列时，它会变得困惑，所以我们在编辑器中花费了大量时间。这是其中一个文件的一部分。

mp_death_drop_defuser                       "1"             // Drop defuser on player death
mp_death_drop_grenade                       "2"             // Which grenade to drop on player death: 0=none, 1=best, 2=current or best
mp_death_drop_gun                           "1"     // Which gun to drop on player death: 0=none, 1=best, 2=current or best
mp_defuser_allocation                       "0"             // How to allocate defusers to CTs at start or round: 0=none, 1=random, 2=everyone
mp_do_warmup_period                         "1"             // Whether or not to do a warmup period at the start of a match.
mp_forcecamera                              "1"     // Restricts spectator modes for dead players
mp_force_pick_time                          "160"           // The amount of time a player has on the team screen to make a selection before being auto-teamed 
mp_free_armor                               "0"             // Determines whether armor and helmet are given automatically.
mp_freezetime                               "12"    // How many seconds to keep players frozen when the round starts
mp_friendlyfire             "1" // Allows team members to injure other members of their team
mp_halftime                                 "1"             // Determines whether or not the match has a team-swapping halftime event.
mp_halftime_duration                        "15"            // Number of seconds that halftime lasts
mp_join_grace_time                          "30"            // Number of seconds after round start to allow a player to join a game
mp_limitteams                               "0"             // Max # of players 1 team can have over another (0 disables check)
mp_logdetail                                "3"             // Logs attacks.  Values are: 0=off, 1=enemy, 2=teammate, 3=both)
mp_match_can_clinch                         "1"             // Can a team clinch and end the match by being so far ahead that the other team has no way to catching up
mp_match_end_restart                        "1"             // At the end of the match, perform a restart instead of loading a new map
mp_maxmoney                                 "16000"         // maximum amount of money allowed in a player's account
mp_maxrounds                                "30"            // max number of rounds to play before server changes maps
mp_molotovusedelay                          "0"             // Number of seconds to delay before the molotov can be used after acquiring it
mp_overtime_enable                          "1"             // Use overtime rules to determine winner 
mp_overtime_maxrounds                       "10"
mp_overtime_startmoney                      "16000"
mp_playercashawards                         "1"             // Players can earn money by performing in-game actions
mp_playerid                                 "0"             // Controls what information player see in the status bar: 0 all names; 1 team names; 2 no names 
mp_playerid_delay                           "0.5"           // Number of seconds to delay showing information in the status bar
mp_playerid_hold                            "0.25"          // Number of seconds to keep showing old information in the status bar
mp_round_restart_delay                      "5"             // Number of seconds to delay before restarting a round after a win
mp_roundtime                                "1.75"          // How many minutes each round takes.
mp_roundtime_defuse                         "1.75"          // How many minutes each round takes on defusal maps.
mp_solid_teammates                          "1"             // Determines whether teammates are solid or not.
mp_startmoney                               "800"           // amount of money each player gets when they reset
mp_teamcashawards                           "1"             // Teams can earn money by performing in-game actions
mp_timelimit                                "0"             // game time per map in minutes
mp_tkpunish                                 "0"             // Will a TK'er be punished in the next round?  {0=no,  1=yes}
mp_warmuptime                               "1"             // If true, there will be a warmup period/round at the start of each match to allow
mp_weapons_allow_map_placed                 "1"             // If this convar is set, when a match starts, the game will not delete weapons placed in the map.
mp_weapons_allow_zeus                       "1"             // Determines whether the Zeus is purchasable or not.
mp_win_panel_display_time                   "15"            // The amount of time to show the win panel between matches / halfs

spec_freeze_time                            "5.0"           // Time spend frozen in observer freeze cam.
spec_freeze_panel_extended_time             "0"             // Time spent with the freeze panel still up after observer freeze cam is done.

sv_accelerate                               "5.6"           // ( def. "10" ) client notify replicated 
sv_allow_votes                              "0"             // Allow voting?
sv_allow_wait_command                       "0"             // Allow or disallow the wait command on clients connected to this server.
sv_alltalk                              "0"             // Players can hear all other players' voice communication, no team restrictions
sv_alternateticks                           "0"             // If set, server only simulates entities on even numbered ticks.
sv_cheats                           "0"             // Allow cheats on server
sv_clockcorrection_msecs                    "15"            // The server tries to keep each player's m_nTickBase withing this many msecs of the server absolute tickcount
sv_consistency                      "0"             // Whether the server enforces file consistency for critical files
sv_contact                      "0"             // Contact email for server sysop
sv_damage_print_enable                      "1"             // Turn this off to disable the player's damage feed in the console after getting killed.
sv_dc_friends_reqd                          "0"             // Set this to 0 to allow direct connects to a game in progress even if no presents
sv_deadtalk                                 "1"             // Dead players can speak (voice, text) to the living
sv_forcepreload             "0"             // Force server side preloading.
sv_friction                             "4.8"           // World friction.
sv_full_alltalk                             "0"             // Any player (including Spectator team) can speak to any other player
sv_gameinstructor_disable                   "1"             // Force all clients to disable their game instructors.
sv_ignoregrenaderadio                       "0"             // Turn off Fire in the hole messages
sv_kick_players_with_cooldown               0               // (0: do not kick; 1: kick Untrusted players; 2: kick players with any cooldown)
sv_kick_ban_duration                        "0"     // How long should a kick ban from the server should last (in minutes)
sv_lan                                      "0"             // Server is a lan server ( no heartbeat, no authentication, no non-class C addresses )
sv_log_onefile                              "0"             // Log server information to only one file.
sv_logbans                                  "1"             // Log server bans in the server logs.
sv_logecho                                  "1"             // Echo log information to the console.
sv_logfile                                  "1"             // Log server information in the log file.
sv_logflush                                 "0"             // Flush the log file to disk on each write (slow).
sv_logsdir                                  "logfiles"      // Folder in the game directory where server logs will be stored.
sv_maxrate                                  "0"             // min. 0.000000 max. 30000.000000 replicated  Max bandwidth rate allowed on server, 0 == unlimited  

如果没有第三列，

column -t 会很棒，但第三列很重要。

所以这是预期的结果:
第 1 列和第 2 列相互隔开几个空格。第 3 列从第 70 个字符开始。

sv_alltalk                      "0"                                             // Players can hear all other players voice communication, no team restrictions
sv_alternateticks               "0"                                             // If set, server only simulates entities on even numbered ticks.
sv_cheats                       "0"                                             // Allow cheats on server
sv_clockcorrection_msecs        "15"                                            // The server tries to keep each players m_nTickBase withing this many msecs of the server absolute tickcount
sv_consistency                  "0"                                             // Whether the server enforces file consistency for critical files
sv_contact                      "0"                                             // Contact email for server sysop
sv_damage_print_enable          "1"                                             // Turn this off to disable the players damage feed in the console after getting killed.
sv_dc_friends_reqd              "0"                                             // Set this to 0 to allow direct connects to a game in progress even if no presents
sv_deadtalk                     "1"                                             // Dead players can speak (voice, text) to the living
sv_forcepreload                 "0"                                             // Force server side preloading.
sv_friction                     "4.8"                                           // World friction.
sv_full_alltalk                 "0"                                             // Any player (including Spectator team) can speak to any other player
sv_gameinstructor_disable       "1"                                             // Force all clients to disable their game instructors.
sv_ignoregrenaderadio           "0"                                             // Turn off Fire in the hole messages
sv_kick_players_with_cooldown   0                                               // (0: do not kick; 1: kick Untrusted players; 2: kick players with any cooldown)
sv_kick_ban_duration            "0"                                             // How long should a kick ban from the server should last (in minutes)
sv_lan                          "0"                                             // Server is a lan server ( no heartbeat, no authentication, no non-class C addresses )
sv_log_onefile                  "0"                                             // Log server information to only one file.
sv_logbans                      "1"                                             // Log server bans in the server logs.
sv_logecho                      "1"                                             // Echo log information to the console.
sv_logfile                      "1"                                             // Log server information in the log file.
sv_logflush                     "0"                                             // Flush the log file to disk on each write (slow).
sv_logsdir                      "logfiles"                                      // Folder in the game directory where server logs will be stored.
sv_maxrate                      "0"                                             // min. 0.000000 max. 30000.000000 replicated  Max bandwidth rate allowed on server, 0 == unlimited

正如您在上面看到的，第 1 列和第 2 列彼此靠近，第 3 列从第 70 列开始整齐地位于右侧。

Answer 1

$ cat tst.awk
NR==FNR {
    wid = (length($1) > wid ? length($1) : wid)
    next
}
NF {
    hd = sprintf("%-*s%3s%s", wid, $1, "", $2)
    tl = ( (s=index($0,"//")) ? substr($0,s) : "")
    $0 = sprintf("%-69s%s", hd, tl)
}
{ print }

$ awk -f tst.awk file file
mp_death_drop_defuser    "1"                                         // Drop defuser on player death
mp_death_drop_gun        "1"                                         // Which gun to drop on player death: 0=none, 1=best, 2=current or best
mp_friendlyfire          "1"                                         // Allows team members to injure other members of their team
mp_halftime              "1"                                         // Determines whether or not the match has a team-swapping halftime event.
mp_overtime_startmoney   "16000"
mp_playercashawards      "1"                                         // Players can earn money by performing in-game actions

sv_alltalk               "0"                                         // Players can hear all other players' voice communication, no team restrictions
sv_cheats                "0"                                         // Allow cheats on server
sv_forcepreload          "0"                                         // Force server side preloading.

---

原答案:

这将按照您的要求从第 3 列的字符位置 60 开始:

awk '
    s = index($0,"//") {
        hd = substr($0,1,s-1)
        sub(/[[:space:]]+$/,"",hd)
        $0 = sprintf("%-59s%s",hd,substr($0,s))
    }
1' file

例如给出这个输入:

$ cat file
mp_death_drop_defuser                       "1"             // Drop defuser on player death
mp_death_drop_gun                           "1"     // Which gun to drop on player death: 0=none, 1=best, 2=current or best
mp_friendlyfire             "1" // Allows team members to injure other members of their team
mp_halftime                                 "1"             // Determines whether or not the match has a team-swapping halftime event.
mp_overtime_startmoney                      "16000"
mp_playercashawards                         "1"             // Players can earn money by performing in-game actions

sv_alltalk                              "0"             // Players can hear all other players' voice communication, no team restrictions
sv_cheats                           "0"             // Allow cheats on server
sv_forcepreload             "0"             // Force server side preloading.

$ awk 's=index($0,"//"){hd=substr($0,1,s-1); sub(/[[:space:]]+$/,"",hd); $0=sprintf("%-59s%s",hd,substr($0,s))} 1' file
mp_death_drop_defuser                       "1"            // Drop defuser on player death
mp_death_drop_gun                           "1"            // Which gun to drop on player death: 0=none, 1=best, 2=current or best
mp_friendlyfire             "1"                            // Allows team members to injure other members of their team
mp_halftime                                 "1"            // Determines whether or not the match has a team-swapping halftime event.
mp_overtime_startmoney                      "16000"
mp_playercashawards                         "1"            // Players can earn money by performing in-game actions

sv_alltalk                              "0"                // Players can hear all other players' voice communication, no team restrictions
sv_cheats                           "0"                    // Allow cheats on server
sv_forcepreload             "0"                            // Force server side preloading.