django - 如何使用 Django Rest Framework 在其他表中插入外键？

Question

我正在使用 Django REST 框架，我被困在 Inserting foreign-key data into another table 中。请引用以下场景:
如下面的代码所示，我想在 template 表中插入数据，并使用单个发布请求将外键关系插入到 template_owners 表中。
我尝试了一些解决方案，但没有达到预期效果，非常感谢您的帮助。

模型.py:

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
from django.utils import timezone

# Template model starts here.
class Template(models.Model):

    Yes = "Yes"
    No = 'No'

    STATUS = [
        (Yes, "Yes"),
        (No, "No"),
    ]

    class Meta:
        db_table = "template"
        ordering = ("date",)

    uuid = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=False, primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=False)
    hypervisor = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=False)
    download_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=False)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True)
    metadata = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True)
    user = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True)
    command = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
    size = models.FloatField(null=False, blank=True, default=0)
    is_default = models.CharField(max_length=3, choices=STATUS, default=Yes)
    date_modified = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    owners = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "Template [ uuid : {} ]" . format(self.uuid)

# Template model ends here.

# Template Owners model starts here.
class TemplateOwners(models.Model):

    class Meta:
        db_table = "template_owners"
        ordering = ("date",)

    template_uuid = models.ForeignKey(Template, on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_column="template_uuid")
    gid = models.IntegerField(null=False, default=1)
    uid = models.IntegerField(null=False, default=1)
    date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)

    # def __init__(self):
    #   self.fields['name'].error_messages = {'required': 'Please let us know what to call you!'}

    def __str__(self):
        return "Template Owner [ template_uuid : {} ]" . format(self.template_uuid)

# Template Owners model ends here.

Serializers.py:

from rest_framework import serializers
from template.models import Template, TemplateOwners

def trigger_validator(self, data):
    if data["name"] == "":
        raise serializers.ValidationError({"name": "Template name is required"})

    return data

class TemplateOwnerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = TemplateOwners  
        fields = ("gid", "uid", "date", "template_uuid")

class TemplateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    owners = TemplateOwnerSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Template
        fields = ("uuid", "name", "hypervisor", "download_url", "size", "date", "owners")

    def create(self, validated_data):
        owners_data = validated_data.pop('owners')
        template = Template.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for owner_data in owners_data:
            TemplateOwners.objects.create(template=template, **owner_data)
        return template

Views.py:

from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status

from template.models import Template
from template.serializers import TemplateSerializer
from template.serializers import TemplateOwnerSerializer
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework import generics

class TemplateList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):

    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    queryset = Template.objects.all()
    serializer_class = TemplateSerializer

    def get(self, request, fromat=None):
        templates = Template.objects.all()
        serialized = TemplateSerializer(templates, many=True)
        return Response(serialized.data)

    def post(self, request, fromat=None):
        serializer = TemplateSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()

            #tempowner = TemplateOwnerSerializer(data=request.data)
            #if tempowner.is_valid():
            #tempowner.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


class TemplateModify(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    serializer_class = TemplateSerializer

    def get_object(self, pk):
        try:
                return Template.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except Template.DoesNotExist:
                raise Http404

    def get(self, request, pk, fromat=None):
        template = self.get_object(pk)
        serialized = TemplateSerializer(template)
        return Response(serialized.data)

    def put(self, request, pk, fromat=None):
        template = self.get_object(pk)
        serializer = TemplateSerializer(template, data=request.DATA)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)

        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
        template = self.get_object(pk)
        template.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

在 Django Rest Framework 中与外键相关的问题很少，但都与数据插入无关，它们主要关注数据获取，因此请在标记重复之前检查整个场景。

Answer 1

您在序列化程序和创建方面几乎没有问题，因此请相应地更改它们

class TemplateOwnerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = TemplateOwners  
        fields = ("gid", "uid", "date")

class TemplateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    owners_data = TemplateOwnerSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Template
        fields = ("uuid", "name", "hypervisor", "download_url", "size", "date", "owners_data")

    def create(self, validated_data):
        owners_data = validated_data.pop('owners_data')
        template = Template.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for owner_data in owners_data:
            TemplateOwners.objects.create(template_uuid=template, **owner_data)
        return template