python - 您如何配置 Django 3 以与 MySql 5 一起使用？

Question

我使用的是 Mac 10.13.6 和 MySql 5.5(目前无法升级)。我刚刚创建了一个框架 Django (v 3.0.2)/Python 3.7 应用程序并像这样配置了我的数据库设置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'sql_mode': 'traditional',
        },
        'NAME': 'maps_data',
        'USER': 'myuser',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

我已经使用 pip 安装了 mysqlclient ...

(env) localhost:maps davea$ pip install mysqlclient
Requirement already satisfied: mysqlclient in /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages (1.4.6)

但是，当我尝试运行为我创建的初始迁移时，我收到了这些我不明白的错误......

(env) localhost:maps davea$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 74, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 209, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 315, in _query
    db.query(q)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 239, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
MySQLdb._exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 67, in ensure_schema
    editor.create_model(self.Migration)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 324, in create_model
    self.execute(sql, params or None)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 142, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 74, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 209, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 315, in _query
    db.query(q)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 239, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1")

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 328, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 369, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 233, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 91, in migrate
    self.recorder.ensure_schema()
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 69, in ensure_schema
    raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))

要使用的 Django 和 mysqlclient 的正确版本是什么，或者我还需要做什么才能正确配置？

Answer 1

MySQL 5.5 在 Django 2.1 中被删除。这是changelog .
所以官方的答案是升级旧版本的 MySQL。
...也就是说，由于这个原因，我在生产中执行迁移失败，我能够使用以下过程解决它:

获取迁移将使用的原始 sql python manage.py sqlmigrate myapp 0015

其中“myapp”是您的应用程序的名称，“0015”是您尝试运行的迁移编号。

根据需要调整查询。

在这种情况下;将出现的 'datetime(6)' 替换为 'datetime'

手动运行新查询。

通过调用 python manage.py migrate myapp 0015 --fake 告诉 django 已手动运行迁移。