r - 将纬度/经度点映射到 R 中的形状文件

Question

我正在尝试使用 shapefile 识别每组纬度/经度坐标的邮政编码。

经纬度数据提取自:https://data.cityofchicago.org/Public-Safety/Crimes-2017/d62x-nvdr (犯罪_-_2001_to_present.csv)

形状文件:https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/PREVGENZ/zt/z500shp/
zt17_d00.shp(伊利诺伊州的邮政编码定义)

library(rgeos)
library(maptools)

ccs<-read.csv("Crimes_-_2001_to_present.csv")
zip.map <- readOGR("zt17_d00.shp")
latlon<-ccs[,c(20,21)]
str(latlon)
   'data.frame':   6411517 obs. of  2 variables:
    $ Latitude : num  42 41.7 41.9 41.8 42 ...
    $ Longitude: num  -87.7 -87.6 -87.7 -87.6 -87.7 ...
coordinates(latlon) = ~Longitude+Latitude
write.csv(cbind(latlon,over(zip.map,latlon)),"zip.match.csv")

这是我得到的错误:

(function (classes, fdef, mtable) 中的错误:
无法为签名“SpatialPolygonsDataFrame”、“data.frame”找到函数“over”的继承方法

我错过了什么？任何帮助表示赞赏!

Answer 1

从错误消息来看，它看起来像您的 coordinates(latlon) = ~Longitude+Latitude line 没有成功地将数据框转换为空间对象。您可能希望首先使用 class(latlon) 进行检查。转换后调用。

绘制 shapefile 并将其与 latlon 层叠加也很有帮助，只是为了确保您的数据集确实重叠。如果没有，请检查它们是否共享相同的投影( sp::identicalCRS )。

以下是使用虚拟数据的示例，因为问题中的 shapefile 链接不起作用。

library(rgdal)

# load Scotland shapefile, which came with the package
dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1]
shapefile <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG")
shapefile <- spTransform(shapefile, CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")) #change CRS

# create dummy data frame with coordinates in Scotland (I clicked randomly on Google Maps)
csvfile <- data.frame(lat = c(-4.952, -4.359, -2.425),
                      long = c(57.57, 56.59, 57.56))

# convert data frame to SpatialPoints class
coordinates(csvfile) <- ~lat+long

# make sure the two files share the same CRS
csvfile@proj4string <- shapefile@proj4string

# visual check
plot(shapefile, border = "grey")
points(csvfile, col = "red", cex = 5)
axis(1) # showing the axes helps to check whether the coordinates are what you expected
axis(2)

# if everything works out so far, the following should work
points_in_shape <- over(csvfile, shapefile)

> points_in_shape
  SP_ID          NAME ID_x COUNT   SMR  LONG  LAT     PY EXP_ AFF   X_COOR   Y_COOR ID_y
1    50 Ross-Cromarty    5    15 352.1 57.71 5.09 129271  4.3  10 220678.6 870935.6    5
2    11 Perth-Kinross   29    16 111.3 56.60 4.09 346041 14.4  10 291372.7 746260.5   29
3     3  Banff-Buchan    2    39 450.3 57.56 2.36 231337  8.7  16 385776.1 852378.2    2

> cbind(csvfile, points_in_shape["NAME"])
     lat  long          NAME
1 -4.952 57.57 Ross-Cromarty
2 -4.359 56.59 Perth-Kinross
3 -2.425 57.56  Banff-Buchan